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Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin is an example of Mutualism Normal microbiota Opportunistic infection Transient microbiota?
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- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be part of the normal microbiome and beneficial but also be pathogenic?What characteristic of Staphylococcus skin infections is a direct result of the virulence factor called leukocidin which kills white blood cells? Infections causing fever O Infections that escape phagocytosis Suppurative infections All of the abovePropionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?
- portal of entry opportunistic Infection morbidity pathogen healthcare-associated infection virulence factors pathogenicity toxemia Entry into the host by a which can cause disease in a healthy host pathogen can be via a which can cause disease in an immunocompromised host which can establish can lead to attachment and avoidance of host defenses, which depend on may be caused by normal biota may be caused by drug- resistant microbes such as enzymes and toxins that may trigger may enhance which together with fever other signs and symptoms define a ResetFor each of the following: Cyanobacteria, Coronavirus, Chytrids, Ciliates, and Chronic wasting disease. Explain with details how does the pathogen invades our tissues and body after transmission. You need to include any receptors, steps etc. in its life cycle and/or the type of replication or reproduction it exhibits and how and where it exits the cells, tissues, or body. This section can also include how it spreads through the body if that is relevant.What role do virulence factors play in the four phases of infection? Describe the infection stage and any virulence factors connected with it.
- Disease Mode of infection prevention Syphilis Cholera Hepatitis Obesity Guinea wormDiseases caused by different types of pathogens have their own seasonality. That is, there is a higher frequency of bacterial and viral diseases in winter and a higher frequency of fungal and parasitological problems in summer. I explain winter, you explain summer. In winter, people are indoors with frequent touching of the same surfaces, breathing of the same air, as well as frequent contact. Bacterial diseases spread through touching of common surfaces while viral diseases also are spread through breathing in of infectious aerosols (someone’s sneeze, microbes in recycled air). Therefore the incidence of bacterial and viral diseases are greater during the winter. Why are fungal and protozoan diseases more important in the summer? (3 good reasons).Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)
- Bacillus Anthracis virulence factors, pathogenesis, transmission and epidemiology, treatmentBacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. true or false?The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are clearly seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is 1) prodromal O 2) invasion 3) incubation 4) convalescence
