Staphylococcus aureus is non-motile, a facultative anaerobe, and a mesophile. At 37⁰C in abundant glucose, which incubation environment is more likely to produce the highest cell mass of S. aureus within two hours? Flask with aeration to add oxygen to the broth and shaking Flask left on the lab bench Flask grown in an anaerobic chamber that removes oxygen from the air around the flask Flask without aeration All will be equal
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- After comparing the growths on the two plates of Brewer’s anaerobic agar with the growths in the six tubes above, classify each organism based on its oxygen requirements:Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis,Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium sporogenes,Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium beijerinckii.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration but not fermentation. It can produce H2Sdoes not produce tryptophanase, and is motile by a flagellum . Based on the above characteristics, describe your expected results for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a SIM deep .Menaquinones is produced by Flavobacterium meningosepticum via submerged fermentation with 60% working volume in 30-L fermentation. To obtain the crude menaquinones, the fermentation medium is centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes. The vacuum-freeze dried particles are crushed and collected. After that the samples are treated with methanol for 20 minutes. To remove polar lipid compounds from bacterial cells, HZ816 macroporous adsorption resin column is used with methanol-dichloromethane (l:1) as mobile phase and flow rate of 0.75 mL/min. Rotary evaporation at 500 C is carried out to concentrate the eluent. After that, the concentrated sample is purified with Bio-BeadsTM S-X3 to remove components without UV absorption. To obtain the homolog purified menaquinones, RP-C18 column is used. Recrystallization is carried out to obtain pure crystalized menaquinones. Answer the following: Indicate how to obtain the sample in the methanol solvent. Three different chromatography are used in…
- Flasks A and B contain broth, and are inoculated with an identical number of bacteria that are facultative anaerobes. Flask A contains a triglyceride lipid as the sole nutrient source, and Flask B contains a monosaccharide called fructose as the sole nutrient source. Both flasks are incubated at 30°C with aeration (oxygen is added to the broth). Assume the bacteria are capable of catabolism of both fructose and triglycerides. Mark all the correct statements pertaining to these cultures. A. Under anaerobic conditions, cells in flask A will produce more ATP B. Cells from flask B will produce more carbon dioxide C. Cells from flask B will produce more ATP D. Flask A will have the greater cell mass E. Cells from flask A will produce more ATP F. Cells from flask A will produce more carbon dioxide G. Flask B will have the greater cell mass H. Under anaerobic conditions, cells in flask B will produce more ATPEscherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen and can cause serious illness in humans by producing toxins that can severely damage the lining of intestines and kidneys. What are the oxygen requirements of coli? What result would you observe in the MTM agar deep test? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required. What is the role of oxygen and cytochrome c oxidase in aerobic respiration? Why does the nitrate reduction tube turn red after the addition of zinc? Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and causes tetanus. Would you expect tetani to possess the enzyme catalase? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required.Salmonella typhi is a facultative anaerobe. Explain why.
- Consider a gram-negative pathogen isolated from marine mammals. This pathogen is subjected to a series of tests and found to have the following characteristics: oxidase-positive, does not hydrolyze urea, produces indole, does not produce acetoin. Which of the following could it be? O Pasteurella mulocida O Klebsiella pneumoniae O Yersinia enterocolitical O Mannheimia haemolyticaThis is the growth curve for Clostirdium (incubated under optimal growth conditions). Use it to answer the following questions. 3 Cell concentration (million cells/ml) 2.5 2 0.2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2 The growth rate is lag log 0.25 4 0.32 0.5 units 6 million of cells per ml (Image description.: Horizontal axis is time in hours, Vertical is cell concentration in millions of cells per ml. Curve starts at 0,0, increases by 4 hours to 0.5 million cells/ml, goes up steeply over two hours from 0.5 million/ml at 4 hours to 2.5 million cells/ml at 8 hours, 8-12 hour shows an increase of 0.3 to 2,8 million cellls/ml and last 2 hours is flat at 2.8million cells/ml.) From 12 hr to 14 hr is called phase. lunar 2 8 Time (hours) 10 5 stationary 12 cells 14 death 16 million of cells per ml per hour hours million of cellsAssume tu inoculated 100 facultative anaerobic cells unto nutrient agar and incubated the plate aerobically. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species unto nutrient agar and incubated the second plate anaerobically. After incubation for 24 hours, you should theoretically have: A) More coloneis on the aerobic plate B) More colories on the anaerobic plate C) The same number of colonies on both paltes D) Fewer colonies on the anaerobic plate E) None of the above
- Assume tu inoculated 100 facultative anaerobic cells unto nutrient agar and incubated the plate aerobically. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species unto nutrient agar and incubated the second plate anaerobically. After incubation for 24 hours, you should theoretically have: A) More coloneis on the aerobic plate B) More colories on the anaerobic plate C) The same number of colonies on both paltes D) Fewer colonies on the anaerobic plateHaemophilus influenzae must be grown on special blood agars, e.g. chocolate agar, which is blood agar treated with heat to release gorwth factors and to destroy inhibitory enzymes. Thus Haemophilus is described as fastidious oxygen-sensitive oxygen labile voraciousOut of the 5 possible oxygen requirements (Obligate aerobes, microaerophiles- is E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium sporogenes? sketch below (or describe well with words), what growth would look like for each species in FTM tubes.