Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes the methionine initiator tRNA (tRNA,Met) was identified and changed. Specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on the tRNA,Met were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5'-CCA-3'. When this mutated gene was introduced into a eukaryotic cell protein synthesis occurred, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. Explain why some of the proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids than normal? e. If the same experiment had been conducted in bacterial cells, what results would you expect? Explain.

Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes the methionine initiator tRNA (tRNA,Met) was identified and changed. Specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on the tRNA,Met were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5'-CCA-3'. When this mutated gene was introduced into a eukaryotic cell protein synthesis occurred, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. Explain why some of the proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids than normal? e. If the same experiment had been conducted in bacterial cells, what results would you expect? Explain.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYU

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Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosomerecognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes the methionine initiatortRNA (tRNA,Met) was identified and changed. Specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodonon the tRNA,Met were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5'-CCA-3'. When thismutated gene was introduced into a eukaryotic cell protein synthesis occurred, but the proteinsproduced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids and others containedfewer amino acids than normal. a.) What is the normal anticodon for tRNA,Met? Show how this normal anticodon would interact with the codon for methionine in the mRNA. b.) What codon does the mutant anticodon bind? What amino acid is incorporated into the polypeptide chain? Show the interaction between the mutant anticodon and the amino acid codon and finally, What do the results described above indicate about how the ribosome…
Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes methionine initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) was located and changed; specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on tRNAiMet were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5′ –CCA–3′ instead of 5′ CAU–3′. When this mutated gene was placed in a eukaryotic cell, protein synthesis took place, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra aminoacids, and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. a. What do these results indicate about how the ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells? Explain your reasoning. b. If the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells, what results would you expect? c. Explain why some of the proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids than normal.
Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes methionine initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) was located and changed; specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on tRNAi Met were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5′ –CCA–3′ instead of 5′ –CAU–3′. When this mutated gene was placed in a eukaryotic cell, protein synthesis took place, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids, and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. a. What do these results indicate about how the ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells? Explain your reasoning. b. If the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells, what results would you expect? c. Explain why some of the proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids than normal
Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes methionine initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) was located and changed; specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on tRNAiMet were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5′ –CCA–3′ instead of 5′ –CAU–3′. When this mutated gene was placed in a eukaryotic cell, protein synthesis took place, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids, and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. Q. If the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells, what results would you expect?
Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes methionine initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) was located and changed; specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on tRNAiMet were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5′ –CCA–3′ instead of 5′ –CAU–3′. When this mutated gene was placed in a eukaryotic cell, protein synthesis took place, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids, and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. Q. What do these results indicate about how the ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells? Explain your reasoning.
A mutant E. coli strain is found with a mutation affecting some of its tRNA(Cys). The wild type normally produces a tRNA that recognizes the codon 5’ UGC 3’, and is charged with the amino acid Cysteine (Cys) (its notation is tRNA(Cys)). The mutant tRNA is still charged with Cysteine, but the mutation is in its anticodon that now has the sequence 5’- UCA-3’. How will some of the proteins produced in these E. coli cells be different from the proteins produced in the wild type cells
In bacteria, researchers have isolated strains that carry mutations within tRNA genes. These mutations can change the sequence of the anticodon. For example, a normal tRNATrp gene encodes a tRNA with the anticodon 3′–ACC–5′. A mutation can change this sequence to 3′–CCC–5′. When this mutation occurs, the tRNA still carries a tryptophan at its 3′ acceptor stem, even though the anticodon sequence has been altered. A. How would this mutation affect the synthesis of polypeptides within the bacterium? B. What does this mutation tell you about the recognition between tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp? Does the enzyme primarily recognize the anticodon or not?
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift indicating secondary structure . Its sequence was determined to be 5'@AGGCGCCGACUCUACU@3' If the molecule were a tRNA fragment containing a CGAanticodon, what would the corresponding codon be?
The tRNA anticodon sequence 3’GAG 5’ is charged with the amino acid leucine. This anticodon may pair with both 5’ CUC 3’ and 5’ CUU 3’. Which of the following is consistent with this phenomenon? 1. The information provided is not accurate since only the 5’ CUC 3’ codon can complementary base pair with the 3’ GAG 5’ anticodon 2. This feature allows for the genetic code to be degenerate 3. This feature allows for the genetic code to be overlapping 4. This feature is commonly associated with tautomeric shifts 5. This feature causes a change in the encoded amino acid
The wobble pairing rule states that a 'U' in teh anticodon wobble position can pair with 'A' or 'G', whereas a 'C' in the wobble position of the anticodon can only pair with 'G'. what is the anticodon found on the Methionine tRNA?
a) Identify the current stage of the translation process shown in Figure 1 and name the anticodon sequence in tRNAb) State TWO immediate, main consequences when a stop codon reaches the E site.
The antibiotic paromomycin binds to a ribosome and induces the same conformational changes in 16S rRNA residues A1492 and A1493 as are induced by codon–anticodon pairing (Fig.). Propose an explanation for the antibiotic eff ect of paromomycin.