Scenario 2: Sarah kicked a fully inflated soccer ball 100 times and measured how far it traveled. Next, she kicked a partially inflated soccer ball 100 times and measured how far it traveled. 1. Write a hypothesis: 2. Independent variable: 3. Dependent variable: 4. Controlled variables (at least 3): a. b. 5. Control Treatment: 6. Experimental Treatment:

Why do scientists design experiments to disprove the hypothesis they are testing instead of trying to prove that the hypothesis is correct?

Define and distinguish between: a. a hypothesis and a scientific theory b. an experimental group and a control group

Figure 1.6 In the example below, the scientific method is used to solve an everyday problem. Order the scientific method steps (numbered items) with the process of solving the everyday problem (lettered items). Based on the results of the experiment, is the hypothesis correct? If it is incorrect, propose some alternative hypotheses. Observation Question Hypothesis (answer) Prediction Experiment Result There is something wrong with the electrical outlet. If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffeemaker also won’t work when plugged into it. My toaster doesn’t toast my bread. I plug my coffee maker into the outlet. My coffeemaker works. Why doesn't my toaster work?

A control group is ______. a. a set of individuals that have a characteristic under study or receive an experimental treatment b. the standard against which an experimental group is compared c. the experiment that gives conclusive results

A person notices that her houseplants that are regularly exposed to music seem to grow more quickly than those in rooms with no music. As a result, she determines that plants grow better when exposed to music. This example most closely resembles which type of reasoning? inductive reasoning deductive reasoning neither, because no hypothesis was made both inductive and deductive reasoning

Do you think the way this issue was handled should be a model for future situations involving potential dangers that might arise from research methods or results?

Ideally, an experimental group differs from a control group (a) only with respect to the hypothesis being tested (b) because its subjects are more reliable (c) in that it is less subject to bias (d) in that it is less vulnerable to sampling error (e) only with respect to the variable being studied

Give an example of how applied science has had a direct effect on your daily life.

Figure 1.15 Example of error bars in a graph. This graph was adapted from the peacock butterfly research described in Section 1.5. The researchers recorded the number of times each butterfly flicked its wings in response to an attack by a bird. The squares represent average frequency of wing flicking for each sample set of butterflies. The error bars that extend above and below the dots indicate the range of valuesthe sampling error. Figure It Out: What was the fastest rate at which a butterfly with no spots or sound flicked its wings?