Saration plasmids? 9. Predict and explain the effect of each of the following conditions on the Tm of native DNA. Will the Tm be raised or lowered relative to the DNA in Tris-HCI buffer, pH 7.5? (a) Measure Tm in pH 12 buffer. (b) Measure Tm in distilled water. (c) Measure Tm in 50% methanol water.

DNA and Protein Synthesis Retake Test Using the chart below, what type of mutation would take place if the highlighted and underlined "A" was deleted?: What amino acid sequence would be coded for with this mutation? What would be the affect of this mutation on the organism? i DNA AAT СТА GTA MRNA UUA GAU CAU Amino acid Leu Asp His :: point mutation :: frame shift mutation :: no affect on organism :: affect on organism : Leu - Asp - His :: Leu - Asp - Asp : Stop - lle - ? : Tyr - Met -? 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 96

8. Consider a relaxed, covalently-closed circular DNA plasmid that has 2080 base pairs with Wr = 0. An intercalator molecule is added, such that there is one intercalator per 104 base pairs. The effect of the intercalator is to cause the twist between the base pairs that flank it to be reduced to zero. What will be the resulting change in supercoiling state (i.e., the Linking Number) for the intercalator-bound DNA ?

A female animal with genotype Km/kM is testcrossed. The two genes are linked. The progeny includes 35 KM/km, 82 Km/km, 78 kM/km, and 30 km/km . Calculate the distance between the two genes.

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DNA Isolation A. What is “cell lysis” and why would you want to lyse cells when doing a DNA extraction? B. What do the “proteases” like meat tenderizer do to the DNA? C. What two ingredients help precipitate the DNA out of solution?

HO a. b. d. 8. Consider the following strand of mRNA. a. What would the original template DNA have been? b. What protein sequence would result from this strand of MRNA End End a. DNA MRNA 5' AUG – CCG - UAG - UGC - CGA – UAG b. Protein 9. In the DNA double helix, why are purine bases on one DNA strand never paired with purine bases on the opposite strand? There is more than one reason. 31 C.

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3,Compare the free energy, ∆G, of A-T binding and A-C binding, which one is more negative? Does this makes sense in terms of the structure of DNA?    Group of answer choices A, ∆G of the A-T binding is more negative than that of the A-C binding, which is consistent with the fact that A-C binding is not favored in DNA helix.  B, ∆G of the A-T binding is more negative than that of the A-C binding, which is consistent with the fact that A-C binding is favored in DNA helix.  C, ∆G of the A-C binding is more negative than that of the A-T binding, which is consistent with the fact that A-C binding is not favored in DNA helix.  D, ∆G of the A-C binding is more negative than that of the A-T binding, which is consistent with the fact that A-C binding is favored over A-T binding in DNA helix.

4A. In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence: 3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'.   What is the sequence of the partner strand?