S.M. is a 25-year-old man in the clinic today for worsening shortness of breath. He smoked one pack of cigarettes per day from ages 18-20, but states he has not smoked in 5 years. Physical examination reveals a thin man in moderate respiratory distress. There is marked increase in the anteroposterior diameter, distant lung sounds, and occasional expiratory wheeze. Blood gases on room air are as follows: pH 7.42, PaCO2 40, PaO2 71, HCO3- 26. Select a potential diagnosis for S.S. and describe the pathophysiology of that diagnosis. How does the pathophysiology explain S.S.’s physical exam and lab findings?

ection Section 2 133 of 145 133. Which of the following patterns of oxygen saturation most likely represents those obtained from a normal fetus (1 representing the highest saturation and 4 representing the lowest saturation)? A) OB) OC) OD) OE) Umbilical Vein 1 Inferior Vena Cava at the Diaphragm 2 2 3 Superior Vena Cava 3 2 4 2 Left Atrium 4 3 3 3 2

56. A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe shortness of breath for 4 hours. He has had fatigue for 6 months and moderate shortness of breath for 2 weeks. On arrival, he is pale and diaphoretic and is seated straight upright on the stretcher. His respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 110/90 mm Hg. Inspiratory moist crackles are heard over the posterior lower half of the lung fields. There is mild pedal edema. An increase in which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's dyspnea? ↑P₂ OA) Capillary diffusion coefficient B) Capillary hydrostatic pressure OC) Capillary oncotic pressure D) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure E) Interstitial oncotic pressure

Case #1Mrs. G, a 62-year-old female, was seen in the emergency department for complaints of increasing shortness of breath. Mrs. G states that seven years ago her family physician told her she had emphysema.At home she is on oxygen via nasal cannula at 1 lpm, and a small volume nebulizer with albuterol sulfate four times a day. Her vital signs are as follows: HR 108/minute, RR 28/minute, BP 142/80 mmHg.ABG results on a 24% venturi mask are:pH 7.32P a CO 2 62 mmHgP a O 2 50 mmHgHCO 3 30 mEq/lS a O 2 85%BE +5Hb 13g/dlETCO2 30 mmHgP B 740 mmHgPart 1: Calculate the patient’s dead space to tidal volume ratio and explain the significancePart 2: What is clinically happening to the patient?

Case # 1   Mrs. G, a 62-year-old female, was seen in the emergency department for complaints of increasing shortness of breath. Mrs. G states that seven years ago her family physician told her she had emphysema.  At home she is on oxygen via nasal cannula at 1 lpm, and a small volume nebulizer with albuterol sulfate four times a day. Her vital signs are as follows: HR 108/minute, RR 28/minute, BP 142/80 mmHg. She's on a 24% venturi mask.  Mrs. G's ABG results indicate partially compensated respiratory acidosis moderate hypoxemia with a base excess of +5. Part 1: PAO2 (oxygen partial pressure inside the alveoli) is 88.82 mmHg Part 2: Her actual A-a gradient is 38.62 mmHg.(Say normal for her 19.5) Part 3: Her actual dead space to tidal volume ratio is 0.52 (Say normal range: 0.25 to 0.40) What is clinically happening to the patient?

Consider indications for Hyperbaric Oxygenation?

State 4 diagnostic tests for respiratory conditions and 4 signs and symptoms associated with respiratory conditions

Answer In 4-6 sentences.