P.R., a 61-year-old woman who has no history of respiratory disease, is being admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. She was endotracheally intubated orally in the emergency room and placed on mechanical ventilation. Her vital signs are 112/68, 134, 101° F (38.3° C) with an Sa O2 of 53%. Her ventilator settings are synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation of 12 breaths/min (BPM), tidal volume (V T ) 700 mL, Fi O2  0.50, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cm H 2 O. 12.  Describe interventions that you could use to assist in meeting P.R.'s nutrition goals.   13.  The goal related to P.R.'s mouth care is to preserve the oral mucosa and dentition. Identify three strategies for providing oral hygiene with an ETT in place.

LF, a 34 year old white male, presented to the emergency room complaining of acute and severe shortnessof breath and intense chest tightness. LF’s speech was choppy and breathing was very rapid and erratic,punctuated by noticeable wheezing. LF’s medical records included the results of pulmonary functiontesting he had undergone six months beforeHis medical records also indicated prior admission for respiratory symptoms and a history of poorly-controlled asthma.LF received high-dose bronchodilator medication through use of a valved holding chamber. This wasfollowed by intravenous glucocorticoids and nebulized bronchodilators every two hours for a twelve-hourperiod, followed by nebulized bronchodilators every four hours for a forty-eight hour period.After discharge from the hospital, LF was provided a take-home flow meter to monitor his lung function.Table 4 shows LF’s PEFR results during a 30-day period.Table 4. Peak flow monitoring from day 1-30 post-discharge. All PEFR values are given…

Explain how oxygen therapy will affect blood gas results.

Explain the normal age related changes between that occurring in Mrs blaze respiratory system 2 explain the normal process of inspiration and expiration 3 describe the physiological process that is occurring when Mrs blaze becomes short of breath

What changes in the FEV1/FVC would you expect to see with restrictive pulmonary disease?  Remember that in restrictive disease air flow is not hindered but the volume is reduced.

Derrick is a 72-year-old man who is attending a hospital emergency department with increased shortness of breath. This is due to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Assessment on arrival at hospital: Respiratory rate = 32 breaths per minute Oxygen saturation level = 89% on 2 litres Oxygen via nasal specs Symptoms began approximately two days ago and have progressively worsened Appears to be tearful and anxious about being in hospital and his shortness of breath, but does not appear able to express his feelings on this Derrick tells a nurse that he has recently been told that he has 12 months left of his life Previous Medical History: COPD, Hypertension, Anxiety [No known drug allergies], Derrick was diagnosed with COPD ten years ago Derrick’s COPD has recently been classified at Stage 4 and he has 2 litres of Oxygen therapy at home Derrick is an ex-smoker. He was smoking up to 30 cigarettes a day but quit five years ago Derrick is experiencing more…

A male patient has presented with the following results for spirometry and plasma Po2. What is your diagnosis? (Use your lecture notes to derive the normal range for these parameters. Also note that usually plasma O₂ is determined by saturation percentage, not Po2, but humour me here). Parameter Vital Capacity FEV₁ FVC Arterial Po2 Venous Po2 COPD Value 4340 ml 3310 ml 4120 ml O Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary oedema 86 mmHg 34 mmHg O Methemoglobinaemia (causes a leftward shift in the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve)

Changes of respiratory and circulatory system (of the child being born) change at birth.   Help answering the following question: How do the changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems affect gas exchange and pH balance?

While many of the following parameters may change, which one of the following is the most definitive clinical indicator of an obstructive lung disease? Increase in Total Lung Capacity Decrease in Total Lung Capacity Increase in Tidal Volume Decrease in Tidal Volume O Increase in FEV₁/FVC ratio Decrease in FEV₁/FVC ratio

Indicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during an acute asthma attack, B) in emphysema C) both during an acute asthma attack and in emphysema, or D) not during an acute asthma attack or in emphysema. Note that the acute asthma attack is in a person not taking ventolin (ie no inhaler). Decrease in total lung capacity   Increase in residual volume   Decrease in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second)   Decrease in tidal volume   Decrease in expiratory reserve volume