Romasanta Corporation manufactures a single product. The following data pertain to the company's operations over the last two years: Variable costing net operating income, last year Variable costing net operating income, this year Beginning inventory, last year Ending Inventory, last year $ 53,600 $ 58,600 O units 1,200 units 3,500 units Ending in Inventory, this year Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit this year and 53 per last year unit What was the absorption costing net operating income last year?

Jellison Company had the following operating data for its first two years of operations: Jellison produced 90,000 units in the first year and sold 80,000. In the second year, it produced 80,000 units and sold 90,000 units. The selling price per unit each year was 12. Jellison uses an actual costing system for product costing. Required: 1. Prepare income statements for both years using absorption costing. Has firm performance, as measured by income, improved or declined from Year 1 to Year 2? 2. Prepare income statements for both years using variable costing. Has firm performance, as measured by income, improved or declined from Year 1 to Year 2? 3. Which method do you think most accurately measures firm performance? Why?

Cost of Goods Manufactured, Income Statement W. W. Phillips Company produced 4,000 leather recliners during the year. These recliners sell for 400 each. Phillips had 500 recliners in finished goods inventory at the beginning of the year. At the end of the year, there were 700 recliners in finished goods inventory. Phillips accounting records provide the following information: Required: 1. Prepare a statement of cost of goods manufactured. 2. Compute the average cost of producing one unit of product in the year. 3. Prepare an income statement for external users.

Using the information in the previous exercises about Marleys Manufacturing, determine the operating income for department B, assuming department A sold department B 1,000 units during the month and department A reduces the selling price to the market price.

Ellerson Company provided the following information for the last calendar year: During the year, direct materials purchases amounted to 278,000, direct labor cost was 189,000, and overhead cost was 523,000. During the year, 100,000 units were completed. Required: 1. Calculate the total cost of direct materials used in production. 2. Calculate the cost of goods manufactured. Calculate the unit manufacturing cost. 3. Of the unit manufacturing cost calculated in Requirement 2, 2.70 is direct materials and 5.30 is overhead. What is the prime cost per unit? Conversion cost per unit?

The following data were adapted from a recent income statement of Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) for the year ended December 31: Assume that 8,500 million of cost of goods sold and 4,000 million of selling, administrative, and other expenses were fixed costs. Inventories at the beginning and end of the year were as follows: Also, assume that 30% of the beginning and ending inventories were fixed costs. a. Prepare an income statement according to the variable costing concept for Caterpillar Inc. Round numbers to nearest million. b. Explain the difference between the amount of operating income reported under the absorption costing and variable costing concepts. Round numbers to nearest million.

On March 31, the end of the first month of operations, Barnard Inc. manufactured 15,000 units and sold 12,000 units. The following income statement was prepared, based on the variable costing concept: Determine the unit cost of goods manufactured, based on (a) the variable costing concept and (b) the absorption costing concept.

Ripley, Inc., costs products using a normal costing system. The following data are available for last year: Overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours. Required: 1. What was the predetermined overhead rate? 2. What was the applied overhead for last year? 3. Was overhead over- or underapplied, and by how much? 4. What was the total cost per unit produced (carry your answer to four significant digits)?

Pattison Products, Inc., began operations in October and manufactured 40,000 units during the month with the following unit costs: Fixed overhead per unit = 280,000/40,000 units produced = 7. Total fixed factory overhead is 280,000 per month. During October, 38,400 units were sold at a price of 24, and fixed marketing and administrative expenses were 130,500. Required: 1. Calculate the cost of each unit using absorption costing. 2. How many units remain in ending inventory? What is the cost of ending inventory using absorption costing? 3. Prepare an absorption-costing income statement for Pattison Products, Inc., for the month of October. 4. What if November production was 40,000 units, costs were stable, and sales were 41,000 units? What is the cost of ending inventory? What is operating income for November?

Use the following information for Exercises 2-47 through 2-49. Jasper Company provided the following information for last year: Last year, beginning and ending inventories of work in process and finished goods equaled zero. Exercise 2-49 Income Statement Refer to the information for Jasper Company on the previous page. Required: 1. Prepare an income statement for Jasper for last year. Calculate the percentage of sales for each line item on the income statement. (Note: Round percentages to the nearest tenth of a percent.) 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Briefly explain how a manager could use the income statement created for Requirement 1 to better control costs.