RNA are extracted from liver cells and separated in agarose gel by electrophoresis side-by-side with a molecular weight marker. The separated RNA fragments are then transferred to an RNA-binding membrane. Next, this membrane is incubated with labelled probe specific for the gene X. This experiment determines:

The protein Menchie is conserved from cats to humans. The region upstream of the menchie gene has three conserved sequences: region A, B, and C. Mutations were made in this upstream region by removing these regions or changing the orientation of these regions. Additionally, the coding sequence for Menchie was replaced with the coding sequence for green fluorescent protein (GFP; gene = gfp). GFP fluorescence was measured for each of the indicated constructs and the results are summarized. The arrow indicates the direction of transcription and where transcription starts (the +1 site). c. Which region (A, B, or C) contains an enhancer sequence? Briefly explain your answer, using at least two lines of evidence from the results shown; please use the #s to indicate the line of evidence you are describing. d. Which region (A, B, or C) contains a silencer sequence? Briefly explain your answer, using at least two lines of evidence from the results shown; please use the #s to indicate the line…

Three mutations were obtained in a bacterial gene. An antibody is available for the protein product of this gene. Both Northern analysis (RNA separated by electrophoresis, blotted, and probed with DNA) and Western analysis (proteins separated by electrophoresis, blotted, and probed with antibodies) were performed on the mutants. The results are summarized below. Northern Size Western Size 1 2 3 1 2 3 + Long Short Short Long For each mutation, what kind of mutation occurred and how do you know? a) Mutant 1 b) Mutant 2 c) Mutant 3

What is the mRNA, amino acid, and type of mutation