Research has shown that more mutations accumulate in regions of a chromosome that consist of compact chromatin, such as heterochromatin. Offer an explanation for why mutation rates would be higher where chromatin is more compact.
Q: Nucleosomes are the ball-like structures around which the double helix winds. What proteins make up…
A:
Q: Why do chromosomes have moredifferent types of nonhistone than histone proteins?
A: Both histones and non-histones are proteins that contribute to the DNA structure. These are the main…
Q: Compare heterochromatin and euchromatin. What are the differences between them?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the eukaryotic cell nucleus present in a highly compacted fashion.…
Q: Define facultative heterochromatin
A: Introduction Heterochromatin: it is highly condensed region of the chromatin which remains…
Q: Describe what structural changes convert a chromosomal region that is 300 nm in diameter to one that…
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are located in the nucleus. It is composed of protein…
Q: Changes in chromatin packing correlate with changes in gene expression in most cells. Why do you…
A: The chromosomes resemble a mass of extremely fine tangled string called chromatin, consisting of DNA…
Q: Explain the term heterochromatin ?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded polynucleotide chain. Both the strands coil around…
Q: What two properties, one structural and one functional,distinguish heterochromatin from euchromatin?
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: Cells lacking telomerase can grow for several cell divisions without obvious defects. However, after…
A: DNA replication is a process that replicates DNA during every cell division but with each DNA…
Q: A. Refer to the figure below and explain DNA packaging and Describe 1 structural…
A: DNA is the genetic material of organisms which inherits from generation to generation from parents…
Q: Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin.
A: Two types of chromatin (euchromatin and heterochromatin) are distinguishable during the interphase.…
Q: During replication, new nucleosomes assemble on thedaughter DNA molecules. Regulatory proteins bind…
A: DNA replication refers to the process in which two similar DNA molecules are formed from one parent…
Q: Describe how chromatin is remodeled to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes
A: Eukaryotes =Eu(true) +Karyon (nucleus). Organism with true nucleus is known as Eukaryotes.
Q: Which histone helps stabilize the solenoid structure of eukaryotic chromatin? H4 H3 H2B H2A H1
A: Nucleosome are the just like a rounded ball which is wrapped by rope and are numerous in number . It…
Q: Would you expect to find active genes in regions of heterochromatin or euchromatin
A: DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. The DNA are double stranded…
Q: Describe nucleosome supercoiling and its relationship to the radial loop–scaffold model of chromatin…
A: DNA being a large molecule, is packed with histone proteins to form a very compact structure known…
Q: a. What DNA sequences are found at the telomeresof human chromosomes?b. What functions do the two…
A: The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material that transmits the genetic information…
Q: How many nucleosomes form the “width” of the 300 Angstrom fiber, in chromatin packaging?
A: Each chromosome consists of a single, enormously long linear DNA molecule associated with…
Q: In chromosomes, doubly-stranded DNA wraps tightly around histone proteins. Think about the structure…
A: DNA It is a biomolecule that carries genetic information and information for the process of protein…
Q: Which of the following is likely to be transcriptionally expressed? euchromatin and DNA with…
A: Introduction: Two main stages are there at which gene is expressed: transcription and translation.…
Q: Histones and DNA polymerase subunits are both synthesized in the cytosol but they function in the…
A: Introduction Transcription:- DNA is used to synthesize RNA, the process of which is known as…
Q: There are five major types of histones in eukaryotic cells. One of these is not part of the…
A: The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. The nucleosome is composed of two turns of…
Q: Loosening the chromatin structure occurs because of Select one: a. Lysine methylation b. Lysine…
A: Euchromatin: Euchromatin is a type of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is densely packed with…
Q: Certain organisms contain cells that possess polytene chromosomes. What are polytene chromosomes,…
A: "ANSWER Polytene chromosomes are large chromosomes which can be generally discovered in insect…
Q: Neutralizing their positive charges would have which effect on the histone proteins? a. They would…
A: Histones are the proteins molecules that are positively charged, found in eukaryotic cells. The…
Q: discuss the possible interaction of transplatin with DNA
A: The stereoisomer of cisplatin is transplatin. Its chemical name is trans-diamminedichloroplatinum…
Q: Histone _______ is not part of the histone octamer, but binds to linker DNA and is responsible for…
A: Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it…
Q: Heterochromatin is often associated with the of histones. Acetylation
A: Heterochromatin is a rich cytological substance found near the centromeres and telomeres of cells.…
Q: Histones form more accessible chromatin because of Select one: a. Reduced electrostatic attraction…
A: Eukaryotic DNA remain associated with histone proteins and from nucleosome model. It is the…
Q: Histones can be modified to turn genes on and off. Which type of chromatin is associated with…
A: Chromatin is a complex form of DNA molecule and Histone protein which was found in eukaryotic…
Q: Discuss histones and how methylation and acetylation of DNA and histones can affect the production…
A: Histone modifications are related to the structural changes that mainly happen during the time of…
Q: Explain how the acetylation of core histones may loosen chromatin packing.
A: DNA is the genetic element in all cell types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic. DNA is double stranded…
Q: Suppose a chemist develops a new drug that neutralizes the positive charges on the tails of histone…
A: Nucleosome is a basic structural and functional repeating unit of chromatin. It is also a unit of…
Q: Put the following levels of chromosome organization in order from least complex (least packaged…
A: The word chromosome arises from the Greek word chroma means color and soma which means body because…
Q: Explain why a particular gene might be present in heterochromatin in one cell and euchromatin in…
A: The expression of gene is called the transformation process that is responsible for the production…
Q: What type of chromosomal rearrangement occurs If a single chromosome suffers two double-strand…
A: To explain: To explain type of chromosomal rearrangement in the double stranded breaks in single…
Q: What makes up the protein component of nucleosome core (the "bead" that the DNA is wrapped around)?…
A: Given: Need to find the best option among the following five options.
Q: Outline how histone methylation and acetylation affectchromatin structure
A: Gene expression may be done by the transcription of DNA into mRNA and formation of polypeptide…
Q: Describe how chromatin-remodeling complexes alter nucleosomes.
A: In order to control the gene expression, the regulatory transcription machinery proteins must access…
Q: Define constitutive heterochromatin
A: Chromosomes are thread or string-like structures situated inside the nucleus of creature and plant…
Q: You are studying a small eukaryotic gene of about 2000 bp in length. About how many copies of…
A: There are histone octamers found in the genetic arrangement whose knowledge can be used to answer…
Q: Describe how reversible chemical changes to DNA and histones are linked to chromatin modification.
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Research has shown that more mutations accumulate in regions of a chromosome that consist of compact chromatin, such as heterochromatin. Offer an explanation for why mutation rates would be higher where chromatin is more compact.
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- Genes are not always active in cells. The cell has evolved to edit its chromatin state in accord with the energy needs of the cell and organism. What are these two kinds of chromatin called and how does chromatin modeling work in cells? Name four of the known families of chromatin remodeling complexes enzyme complexes that act directly on DNA to alter nucleosome composition in transcribed regions.Using the figure below identify: What is the role of histones and nucleosomes? How the process of chromatin condensation is performed? What is a function of introns and exons? What is a role of mobile DNA elements? What is a meaning of simple-sequence DNA?An article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?
- Describe the mechanism by which histone modifications are established after DNA replication and cell division. What are some things that could go wrong if modifications can't be maintained? Think about what histone modifications do to DNA and why cells maintain parts of their chromosome as heterochromatin.Cells lacking telomerase can grow for several cell divisions without obvious defects. However, after more cell divisions, such cells tend to show chromosomes that have fused together. Propose an explanation for the formation of the chromosomes.Explain the following terms: Non-histone Chromosomal (NHC) proteins, euchromatin & Heterochromatin.
- You are interested in studying a gene called pumper that is important for heart function. The pumper gene is only expressed (transcribed) in heart cells, and you think the reason for this may have to do with chromatin structure. To investigate this, you isolate chromatin from heart cells and skin cells, and perform a long digestion of both samples with DNAse I, a non-sequence specific enzyme that will cut the phosphodiester bonds linking adjacent nucleotides. You then remove all proteins and analyze the DNA by gel-electrophoresis. You are able to detect only the DNA fragments that contain the pumper gene. The bands at the top of lane 2 indicate very large DNA fragments that were not able to migrate very far in the gel. The numbers to the left indicate where in the gel DNA fragments of the indicated size would migrate. Based on this data, which of the following is likely to be TRUE regarding the pumper locus in heart cells? (select all that apply) hyper-acetylation of lysine on Histone…Define the following terms: a. chromosome b. chromatinThe picture below depicts electron micrographs of the major levels of chromatin structure. Match each of the listed conditions with the most likely levels of chromatin structure under that condition.
- A cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true? a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed. b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone. c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression. d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.Consider the figure beow, which depicts chromatin within the neucleus of a eukaryotic cell. nucleus O The letter A indicates regions of a single chromosome which are not expressed, and the letter B indicates regions of a single chromosome which are expressed. O Both answer choice A and answer choice B are correct. The letter A indicates regions of a single chromosome which are condensed and attached to the nuclear lamina, and the letter B indicates regions of a single chromosome which are partially decondensed. O Answer choices A, B and C are all correct. O The letter A represents repressed TADS, and the letter B represents active TADS.The term heterochromatin refers to heavily condensed regions of chromosomes that are largely devoid of genes. Since few genes exist there, these regions almost never decondense for transcription. At what point during the cell cycle would expect to observe decondensation of heterochromatic regions? Why?