Loosening the chromatin structure occurs because of Select one: a. Lysine methylation b. Lysine acetylation c. Lysine phosphorylation d. Lysine sumoylation
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- Which of the following statements is NOT true about chromatin architecture? A. The histone tails on heterochromatin are deacetylated B. Heterochromatin is heavily methylated C. Euchromatin is more likely to contain genes that are expressed at that time D. Euchromatin is heavily methylatedWhich of the following is associated with active chromatin? Check all that apply. A. Centromeres B. heterochromatin C. histone acetylation D. Polytene puffs E. metaphase chromasomes F. transcription of machineryWrite the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if false, replace the underlined words with the correct one. 1. Heterochromatin is typically gene-rich and composed of loosely-packed DNA that is transcriptionally active. 2. Molecular switches regulate the expression of genes by directing where and when genes should be turned on or off depending on the cell signal. 3. DNA Methylation and acetylation of histones are inverselycorrelated 4. Specialized cells produce specialized proteins derived from luxury genes which are constitutively expressed. 5. In mammals, methylation patterns that regulate DNA structure and gene expression become evident from the gastrula stage.
- Which of the following may produce more than one functional protein from an mRNA transcript?a. chromatin condensation b. transcriptional regulation c. epigeneticsd. alternative mRNA processingWhich illustration below correctly depicts the effect of histone modification in chromatin remodeling? (Ac- acetyl group, -H3K9trimethylated)? Ac Ac AC AC AC A. m 2 Ac Ac Ac Ac B. C. Ac Ac H3K9trimethylated Ac Ac AcHistones form more accessible chromatin because of Select one: a. Reduced electrostatic attraction between the histone and the negatively charged DNA backbone b. Increased electrostatic attraction between the histone and the negatively charged DNA backbone c. Reduced covalent bonding between the histone and the negatively charged DNA backbone d. Increased covalent bonding between the histone and the negatively charged DNA backbone
- A cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true? a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed. b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone. c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression. d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.A researcher found that she could increase phosphorylation of amino acids adjacent to methylated amino acids in histone tails. What would she see? Select one: O a. inactivation of the selected genes O b. decreased binding of transcription factors O c. decreased chromatin condensation O d. increased chromatin condensationWhich of the following statements most accurately represent chromatin state and transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Histone deacetylases promote closed chromatin and result in repressed transcription 2.Open chromatin is associated with hypoacetylation and has high levels of transcription 3.Histone acetyltransferases result in hypoacetylation and high levels of transcription 4.Hyperacetylation is associated with closed chromatin and low levels of transcription
- Changes in chromatin packing correlate with changes in gene expression in most cells. Why do you think this is the case?Describe the mechanism by which histone modifications are established after DNA replication and cell division. What are some things that could go wrong if modifications can't be maintained? Think about what histone modifications do to DNA and why cells maintain parts of their chromosome as heterochromatin.Describe how reversible chemical changes to histones are linked to chromatin modification.
