Renin secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole will lead to: A. Decreased plasma volume B. Decreased total body water C. Decreased water intake D. Decreased urine volume OE. Decreased cardiac output

To control size-determined filtration, capillaries of the glomerulus inside the Bowman’s capsule are: A. continuous wrapped in glia B. sinusoid C. fenestrated D. continuous

During urine formation, movement of ions against concentration gradient from glomerular iltrate back into the plasma is called: a. Difusion b. Active transport c. Osmosis d. Filtration

When a substance is reabsorbed in the kidney that substance is:   A. Removed from the blood and put into the renal tubule B. Removed from the renal tubule and put into the blood C. Removed from the body via urine. D. Both B & C

The amount of sodium in Bowman's capsule can be doubled by: A. Doubling of glomerular hydrostatic pressure B. Doubling of Glomerular oncotic pressure C. Doubling of Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure D. Doubling of GFR OE. Doubling of urine output

Renal is a process that yields relatively constant GFR with fluctuating blood pressure in the kidney, occurring through (two words) where the smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole constricts when stretched and a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism which occurs when the are activated by rising NaCl concentrations and increased flow rates.

Explain how the blood vessels associated with the renal corpuscle help to maintain relatively high blood pressure  within the glomerulus.

a. Using Table 10.1, identify the diseases that result when the filtration membranes within the kidneys become damaged and are unable to restrict or regulate the movement/filtration of larger substances. b. What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane? ABNORMAL CONDITION CAUSE COMPONENT Caused by glucose levels in the blood that exceed the renal tubule's ability to reabsorb it. It is a common sign of diabetes mellitus. Glucose Glycosuria or Glucosuria Albumin Albuminuria Caused by damage to the glomerular and resulting in the leakage of large quantities of protein, including albumin, into the filtrate. filtration mer Red blood cells Caused by damage to the glomerular filtration membrane, allowing whole cells from the blood to pass into the filtrate. Hematuria Hemoglobinuria Caused by the hemolysis of red blood cells within the bloodstream, which releases hemoglobin into plasma that crossek the glomerular filtraton membrane during Hemoglobin renal filtration. Diseases…

Fred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer.  His liver is no longer able to make the necessary amount of proteins needed by the body.  What effect, if any, would this have on the net glomerular filtration rate? (Hint, decide which of the 3 forces contributing to the net filtration rate is affected.  Then adjust numbers in the equation to determine if there is an increase, decrease, or no change to the net filtration rate).   Group of answer choices A) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. C) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. D) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. E) There would be no effect on the net glomerular filtration rate.

These vessels marked by the white arrow 1.  are classified as 'cap bed 1' vessels in the renal portal system 2.  function to secrete glucose molecules across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule 3.  move hydrogen ions across their endothelial cells into the lining cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for pH regulation (if the blood is in acidosis) 4.  secrete the products of drugs metabolism into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubules Choose from the following: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2, and 3 (E) 3 only (F) 4 only (G) 1, 2, 3, and 4