Reaction 10 of glycolysis involves the generation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). ATP is also generated in this reaction. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme? a. Pyruvate isomerase O b. Pyruvate synthase Pyruvate enolase С. O d. Pyruvate Kinase

Which intermediates of glycolysis are used to generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation? a. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate b. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate c. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate d. 2-Phosphoglycerate e. Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is the key enzyme that regulates the TCA cycle. De-phosphorylation of this enzyme by phospho-protein phosphatase makes it active. Which of the following compounds is expected to activate phospho-protein phosphatase? Acetyl COA a. O b. NADH Ca²+ O C. O d. ATP

Are the following up or down regulation of phosphorylation? (Note: It assumes that the enzymes were involved in glycoysis) a. Phosphofructokinase-2 b. Pyruvate Kinase c. Phosphofructokinase-1 d. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase

Steps in oxidative phosphorylation involves all of the following except 11. a. The phosphorylation energy is supplied by ATP metabolism b. Electron transfer chain moves electron from NADH and FADH2 to O2 c. Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP catalyzed by ATP synthase d. Electron do not flow to oxygen unless ATP is needed 12. List factors that can activate glucokinase for glucose metabolism in the liver 13. What are the functions of macromolecules with examples? Write the general balanced equation that shows the catabolism of glucose (GLYCOSLYSIS) to ATPS, carbon dioxide, and water. Include in the equation the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate and oxygen utilization. 14. 15. What is post-translational processing of proteins and list 3 things that can happen to the proteins synthesized at this stage:

Glycolysis is often split up into three phases: 1. Energy Investment 2. Sugar Splitting and 3. Energy Payoff. After splitting the 6-carbon sugar, Fructose 1,6-biphosphate, 4 ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. What is substrate-level phosphorylation?   A. ATP generated by chemiosmosis B. ATP generated by the direct transfer of a phosphate from an organic molecule to ADP C. ATP generated by the fermentation of alcohol D. Transfer of phosphates between glucose molecules E. All of the above

When completely metabolized, a hexose molecule yields the energy of 36 ATP molecules. Which step of this chemical process yields the most ATP? A. Activation of glucose B. C. D. Phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phophate Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Metabolism of the two C₂ fragments in common metabolic pathway

The first roadblock to overcome in the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate is which of the following reactions? a. Fructose 6-P to Fructose 1,6-bis-P b. Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate c. Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate d. Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate

Beside each compound listed, indicate what stage or stages of cellular respiration it is associated with by placing an 'X' in each applicable box.   Compound Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Kreb's Cycle ETC/Chemiosmosis a. ATP         b. Acetyl-CoA         c. Citric Acid         d. Coenzyme A         e. Glucose         f. Pyruvate         g. FADH2         h. ATP synthase         i. CO2         j. H2O         k. O2

In the first stage of glycolysis, the hydroxyl group on C6 of glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). In this reaction, which of the following statements is true? a. O b. d. e. Glucose kinase is used to catalyze the reaction. Hexokinase is used to catalyze the reaction. A molecule of NADH is synthesized. One ATP is synthesized. Fructose kinase is used to catalyze the reaction.