Explain the advantage to the cell of each of the following regulatory actions:  a. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is inhibited by ATP. b. Isocitrate dehydrogenase is stimulated by ADP. c. Pyruvate carboxylase is stimulated by acetyl-CoA. d. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. e. PDC is inhibited by fatty acids

Assume that glycolysis is completely inhibited and thus glucose cannot be converted topyruvate. Which of the following statements is true?A. Levels of acetyl-CoA decrease in the liverB. Levels of oxaloacetate increase in the liverC. Both liver and brain primarily use b-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate as energy sourceD. None of the above

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is used to do which of the following steps of glycolysis Select one: a. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate b. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate c. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate d. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate e. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate f. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate h. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate i. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate j. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate

In TCA cycle, FADH2 is formed in reaction(s) catalyzed by O a. Succinyl-CoA synthetase O b. Succinate dehydrogenase O c. Aconitase O d. Isocitrate dehydrogenase Oe. Citrate synthase

Which of the following is the third step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH b. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH e. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 f. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH i. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate