Essentials Of Investments
Essentials Of Investments
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260013924
Author: Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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### Sample Finance Problem – Calculation of Operating Income

**Problem Statement:**

Rao Construction recently reported $28.00 million of sales, $12.60 million of operating costs other than depreciation, and $3.00 million of depreciation. It had $8.50 million of bonds outstanding that carry a 7.0% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 25%. What was Rao's operating income, or EBIT, in millions?

**Options:**
a. $15.40
b. $11.81
c. $12.40
d. $8.85
e. $18.40

---

**Solution Explanation:**

The operating income, or Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT), is calculated by subtracting operating costs and depreciation from sales. Here's the step-by-step calculation:

1. **Sales:** $28.00 million
2. **Operating Costs (other than depreciation):** $12.60 million
3. **Depreciation:** $3.00 million

**Formula for Operating Income:**
\[ \text{Operating Income (EBIT)} = \text{Sales} - \text{Operating Costs} - \text{Depreciation} \]

**Calculation:**
\[ \text{EBIT} = \$28.00 \, \text{million} - \$12.60 \, \text{million} - \$3.00 \, \text{million} \]
\[ \text{EBIT} = \$12.40 \, \text{million} \]

Thus, the operating income (EBIT) for Rao Construction is **$12.40 million**.

Therefore, the correct answer is:
**c. $12.40**

For educational purposes, let's illustrate the calculation visually in a step-by-step manner:

### Step-by-Step Visual Explanation:

1. **Sales Revenue:**
   - Represented by a full bar of $28.00 million.

2. **Subtract Operating Costs:**
   - A segment of $12.60 million is removed from the $28.00 million bar.

3. **Subtract Depreciation:**
   - An additional segment of $3.00 million is removed from the remaining amount.

4. **Resulting in Operating Income (EBIT):**
   - The final segment left represents $12.40 million. 

This visually breaks down how the sales revenue is reduced by operating
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Transcribed Image Text:### Sample Finance Problem – Calculation of Operating Income **Problem Statement:** Rao Construction recently reported $28.00 million of sales, $12.60 million of operating costs other than depreciation, and $3.00 million of depreciation. It had $8.50 million of bonds outstanding that carry a 7.0% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 25%. What was Rao's operating income, or EBIT, in millions? **Options:** a. $15.40 b. $11.81 c. $12.40 d. $8.85 e. $18.40 --- **Solution Explanation:** The operating income, or Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT), is calculated by subtracting operating costs and depreciation from sales. Here's the step-by-step calculation: 1. **Sales:** $28.00 million 2. **Operating Costs (other than depreciation):** $12.60 million 3. **Depreciation:** $3.00 million **Formula for Operating Income:** \[ \text{Operating Income (EBIT)} = \text{Sales} - \text{Operating Costs} - \text{Depreciation} \] **Calculation:** \[ \text{EBIT} = \$28.00 \, \text{million} - \$12.60 \, \text{million} - \$3.00 \, \text{million} \] \[ \text{EBIT} = \$12.40 \, \text{million} \] Thus, the operating income (EBIT) for Rao Construction is **$12.40 million**. Therefore, the correct answer is: **c. $12.40** For educational purposes, let's illustrate the calculation visually in a step-by-step manner: ### Step-by-Step Visual Explanation: 1. **Sales Revenue:** - Represented by a full bar of $28.00 million. 2. **Subtract Operating Costs:** - A segment of $12.60 million is removed from the $28.00 million bar. 3. **Subtract Depreciation:** - An additional segment of $3.00 million is removed from the remaining amount. 4. **Resulting in Operating Income (EBIT):** - The final segment left represents $12.40 million. This visually breaks down how the sales revenue is reduced by operating
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