Problem 1RQ: Define each of the following: a. Arrhenius acid b. BrnstedLowry acid c. Lewis acid Which of the... Problem 2RQ: Define or illustrate the meaning of the following terms: a. Ka reaction b. Ka equilibrium constant... Problem 3RQ Problem 4RQ: How is acid strength related to the value of Ka? What is the difference between strong acids and... Problem 5RQ: Two strategies are followed when solving for the pH of an acid in water. What is the strategy for... Problem 6RQ Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ: For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in... Problem 9RQ: What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no... Problem 10RQ: For oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a. the strength of the bond to the acidic hydrogen... Problem 1ALQ Problem 2ALQ: Differentiate between the terms strength and concentration as they apply to acids and bases. When is... Problem 3ALQ: Sketch two graphs: (a) percent dissociation for weak acid HA versus the initial concentration of HA... Problem 4ALQ Problem 5ALQ Problem 6ALQ Problem 7ALQ Problem 8ALQ Problem 9ALQ: Consider a solution formed by mixing 100.0 mL of 0.10 M HA (Ka = 1.0 106), 100.00 mL of 0.10 M NaA.... Problem 10ALQ Problem 11ALQ Problem 12ALQ Problem 13ALQ: What is meant by pH? True or false: A strong acid solution always has a lower pH than a weak acid... Problem 14ALQ Problem 15ALQ Problem 16ALQ Problem 17ALQ Problem 18ALQ: The salt BX, when dissolved in water, produces an acidic solution. Which of the following could be... Problem 19Q: Anions containing hydrogen (for example, HCO3 and H2PO4) usually show amphoteric behavior. Write... Problem 20Q Problem 21Q Problem 22Q Problem 23Q Problem 24Q Problem 25Q Problem 26Q: The following are representations of acidbase reactions: a. Label each of the species in both... Problem 27Q Problem 28Q Problem 29Q Problem 30Q Problem 31Q Problem 32Q Problem 33Q Problem 34Q Problem 35E: Write balanced equations that describe the following reactions, a. the dissociation of perchloric... Problem 36E: Write the dissociation reaction and the corresponding Ka equilibrium expression for each of the... Problem 37E Problem 38E: For each of the following aqueous reactions, identify the acid, the base, the conjugate base, and... Problem 39E: Classify each of the following as a strong acid or a weak acid. Problem 40E: Consider the following illustrations: Which beaker best illustrates what happens when the following... Problem 41E: Use Table 13-2 to order the following from the strongest to the weakest acid. HClO2,H2O,NH4+,HClO4 Problem 42E Problem 43E Problem 44E Problem 45E Problem 46E Problem 47E: Values of Kw as a function of temperature are as follows: Temperature(C) Kw 0 1.14 1015 25 1.00 ... Problem 48E: At 40.C the value of Kw is 2.92 1014. a. Calculate the [H+] and [OH] in pure water at 40.C. b. What... Problem 49E: Calculate the pH and pOH of the solutions in Exercises 45 and 46. Problem 50E: Calculate [H+] and [OH] for each solution at 25C. Identify each solution as neutral, acidic, or... Problem 51E Problem 52E: Fill in the missing information in the following table. Problem 53E: The pH of a sample of gastric juice in a persons stomach is 2.1. Calculate the pOH, [H+], and [OH]... Problem 54E: The pOH of a sample of baking soda dissolved in water is 5.74 at 25C. Calculate the pH, [H+], and... Problem 55E: What are the major species present in 0.250 M solutions of each of the following acids? Calculate... Problem 56E: A solution is prepared by adding 50.0 mL of 0.050 M HBr to 150.0 mL of 0.10 M HI. Calculate [H+I and... Problem 57E: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions of a strong acid in water. a. 0.10 M HCl b. 5.0... Problem 58E: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions containing a strong acid in water. a. 2.0 102 M... Problem 59E: Calculate the concentration of an aqueous HI solution that has pH = 2.50. HI is a strong acid. Problem 60E Problem 61E Problem 62E: A solution is prepared by adding 50.0 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and 20.0 mL concentrated... Problem 63E Problem 64E Problem 65E: Calculate the concentration of all species present and the pH of a 0.020-M HF solution. Problem 66E: Calculate the percent dissociation for a 0.22-M solution of chlorous acid (HClO2, Ka = 1.2 102). Problem 67E: For propanoic acid (HC3H5O2, Ka = 1.3 105), determine the concentration of all species present, the... Problem 68E: A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.56 g benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H, Ka = 6.4 105) in enough water... Problem 69E: Monochloroacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a skin irritant that is used in chemical peels intended to... Problem 70E: A typical aspirin tablet contains 325 mg acetylsalicylic acid (HC9H7O4). Calculate the pH of a... Problem 71E: Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 1.0 M HF and 1.0 M HOC6H5. Also calculate the... Problem 72E Problem 73E: Calculate the percent dissociation of the acid in each of the following solutions. a. 0.50 M acetic... Problem 74E Problem 75E: A 0.15-M solution of a weak acid is 3.0% dissociated. Calculate Ka. Problem 76E: An acid HX is 25% dissociated in water. If the equilibrium concentration of HX is 0.30 M, calculate... Problem 77E: Trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H) is a corrosive acid that is used to precipitate proteins. The pH of... Problem 78E: The pH of a 0.063-M solution of hypobromous acid (HOBr but usually written HBrO) is 4.95. Calculate... Problem 79E: A solution of formic acid (HCOOH, Ka = 1.8 104) has a pH of 2.70. Calculate the initial... Problem 80E Problem 81E Problem 82E: You have 100.0 g saccharin, a sugar substitute, and you want to prepare a pH = 5.75 solution. What... Problem 83E: Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb equilibrium expression for each of the following... Problem 84E: Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb equilibrium expression for each of the following... Problem 85E Problem 86E: Use Table 13-3 to help order the following acids from strongest to weakest. HNO3,H2O,NH4+,C5H5NH+ Problem 87E: Use Table 13-3 to help answer the following questions. a. Which is the stronger base, ClO4 or... Problem 88E Problem 89E: Calculate the pH of the following solutions. a. 0.10 M NaOH b. 1.0 1010 M NaOH c. 2.0 M NaOH Problem 90E: Calculate [OH], pOH, and pH for each of the following. a. 0.00040 M Ca(OH)2 b. a solution containing... Problem 91E Problem 92E Problem 93E: What mass of KOH is necessary to prepare 800.0 mL of a solution having a pH = 11.56? Problem 94E: Calculate the concentration of an aqueous Sr(OH)2 that has pH =10.50. Problem 95E Problem 96E: For the reaction of hydrazine (N2H4) in water, H2NNH2(aq)+H2O(l)H2NNH3+(aq)+OH(aq) Kb is 3.0 106.... Problem 97E: Calculate [OH], [H+], and the pH of 0.20 M solutions of each of the following amines. a.... Problem 98E: Calculate [OH], [H+], and the pH of 0.40 M solutions of each of the following amines (the Kb values... Problem 99E: Calculate the pH of a 0.20-M C2H5NH2 solution (Kb = 5.6 104). Problem 100E Problem 101E: What is the percent ionization in each of the following solutions? a. 0.10 M NH3 b. 0.010 M NH3 c.... Problem 102E Problem 103E: The pH of a 0.016-M aqueous solution of p-toluidine (CH3C6H4NH2) is 8.60. Calculate Kb. Problem 104E: Calculate the mass of HONH2 required to dissolve in enough water to make 250.0 mL of solution having... Problem 105E Problem 106E Problem 107E Problem 108E: Arsenic acid (H3AsO4) is a triprotic acid with Ka1 = 5.5 103, Ka2 = 1.7 107, and Ka3 = 5.1 1012.... Problem 109E Problem 110E: Calculate [CO32] in a 0.010-M solution of CO2 in water (usually written as H2CO3). If all the CO32... Problem 111E Problem 112E: Calculate the pH of a 5.0 103-M solution of H2SO4. Problem 113E: Arrange the following 0.10 M solutions in order of most acidic to most basic. KOH,KNO3,KCN,NH4Cl,HCl Problem 114E Problem 115E Problem 116E: The Kb values for ammonia and methylamine are 1.8 105 and 4.4 104, respectively. Which is the... Problem 117E: Determine [OH], [H+], and the pH of each of the following solutions. a. 1.0 M KCl b. 1.0 M KC2H3O2 Problem 118E: Calculate the concentrations of all species present in a 0.25-M solution of ethylammonium chloride... Problem 119E Problem 120E Problem 121E Problem 122E: Papaverine hydrochloride (abbreviated papH+Cl; molar mass = 378.85 g/mol) is a drug that belongs to... Problem 123E: An unknown salt is either NaCN, NaC2H3O2, NaF, NaCl, or NaOCl. When 0.100 mole of the salt is... Problem 124E Problem 125E: A 0.050-M solution of the salt NaB has a pH of 9.00. Calculate the pH of a 0.010-M solution of HB. Problem 126E Problem 127E Problem 128E Problem 129E: Are solutions of the following salts acidic, basic, or neutral? For those that are not neutral,... Problem 130E Problem 131E Problem 132E Problem 133E: Place the species in each of the following groups in order of increasing acid strength. a. H2O, H2S,... Problem 134E Problem 135E: Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or neutral solutions when dissolved in water? Write... Problem 136E Problem 137E Problem 138E Problem 139E Problem 140E: Zinc hydroxide is an amphoteric substance. Write equations that describe Zn(OH)2 acting as a... Problem 141E Problem 142E Problem 143AE Problem 144AE Problem 145AE: A solution is tested for pH and conductivity as pictured below: The solution contains one of the... Problem 146AE: The pH of human blood is steady at a value of approximately 7.4 owing to the following equilibrium... Problem 147AE Problem 148AE Problem 149AE Problem 150AE Problem 151AE: Acrylic acid (CH29CHCO2H) is a precursor for many important plastics. Ka for acrylic acid is 5.6 ... Problem 152AE Problem 153AE Problem 154AE Problem 155AE Problem 156AE Problem 157AE Problem 158AE Problem 159AE Problem 160AE Problem 161AE Problem 162CWP: For solutions of the same concentration, as acid strength increases, indicate what happens to each... Problem 163CWP Problem 164CWP: Consider a 0.60-M solution of HC3H5O3, lactic acid (Ka = 1.4 104). a. Which of the following are... Problem 165CWP Problem 166CWP Problem 167CWP: Consider 0.25 M solutions of the following salts: NaCl, RbOCl, KI, Ba(ClO4)2, and NH4NO3. For each... Problem 168CWP: Calculate the pH of the following solutions: a. 1.2 M CaBr2 b. 0.84 M C6H5NH3NO3 (Kb for C6H5NH2 =... Problem 169CWP Problem 170CP Problem 171CP Problem 172CP Problem 173CP Problem 174CP Problem 175CP: Calculate the pH of a 0.200-M solution of C5H5NHF. Hint: C5H5NHF is a salt composed of C5H5NH+ and F... Problem 176CP: Determine the pH of a 0.50-M solution of NH4OCl. (See Exercise 175.) Problem 177CP Problem 178CP Problem 179CP: Consider 1000. mL of a 1.00 104-M solution of a certain acid HA that has a Ka value equal to 1.00 ... Problem 180CP: Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that must be added to 1.00 L of 1.00-M HC2H3O2 to double the... Problem 181CP Problem 182CP Problem 183CP: Will 0.10 M solutions of the following salts be acidic, basic, or neutral? See Appendix 5 for Ka... Problem 184CP Problem 185CP: A 0.100-g sample of the weak acid HA (molar mass = 100.0 g/mol) is dissolved in 500.0 g water. The... Problem 186CP Problem 187IP: A 2.14 g sample of sodium hypoiodite is dissolved in water to make 1.25 L of solution. The solution... Problem 188IP: Isocyanic acid (HNCO) can be prepared by heating sodium cyanate in the presence of solid oxalic acid... Problem 189IP Problem 190MP: An aqueous solution contains a mixture of 0.0500 M HCOOH (Ka = 1.77 104) and 0.150 M CH3CH2COOH (Ka... Problem 191MP format_list_bulleted
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