Question 4 (a) Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan have been awarded 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for their development of a new type of catalysis. Amino acid proline, acting as the catalyst, has successfully catalyzed an aldol reaction with the formation of one mirror image of the product much more than the other one. Below is the aldol product: ОН 4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-one The compound has two chiral carbons. Show two of the chiral carbons using asterisk signs and draw one of the chiral carbons in enantiomeric forms. Apply (R) and (S) configurations for the enantiomers based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system.
Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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