A newer generation of antipsychotics, among them clozapine, are now used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia. These drugs are more effective than earlier drugs in improving patient response in the areas of social withdrawal, apathy, memory, comprehension, and judgment. They also produce fewer side effects such as seizures and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary body movements). In the following synthesis of clozapine, Step 1 is an Ullmann coupling, a type of nucleophilic aromatic substitu- tion that uses a copper catalyst. Ме OH OH NO2 NO, Ullmann coupling H Cl- CI H,N- N. (1) (2) 2,5-Dichloro- 2-Aminobenzoic acid (A) nitrobenzene (Anthranilic acid) Me Me Me NO, NH, AISO,H Cl- N· H. Cl- (3) H. (4) H. (B) (C) Clozapine

A newer generation of antipsychotics, among them clozapine, are now used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia. These drugs are more effective than earlier drugs in improving patient response in the areas of social withdrawal, apathy, memory, comprehension, and judgment. They also produce fewer side effects such as seizures and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary body movements). In the following synthesis of clozapine, Step 1 is an Ullmann coupling, a type of nucleophilic aromatic substitu- tion that uses a copper catalyst. Ме OH OH NO2 NO, Ullmann coupling H Cl- CI H,N- N. (1) (2) 2,5-Dichloro- 2-Aminobenzoic acid (A) nitrobenzene (Anthranilic acid) Me Me Me NO, NH, AISO,H Cl- N· H. Cl- (3) H. (4) H. (B) (C) Clozapine

Organic Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305580350

Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Publisher:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Chapter22: Reactions Of Benzene And Its Derivatives

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22.62P: A newer generation of antipsychotics, among them clozapine, are now used to treat the symptoms of...

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