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- Q4. Consider the 16-QAM digital modulation scheme (a) What does the abbreviation QAM stand for? (b) Sketch an I-Q constellation diagram for this modulation scheme. (c) State the number of bits per symbol. (d) If the bit rate that is achieved with this modulation scheme is 256 Mbit s, what is the baud (symbol) rate?Q4. Consider the rectangular 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) digital modulation scheme (a) Sketch an I-Q constellation diagram for this modulation scheme. (b) State the number of bits per symbol. (c) If the bit rate that is achieved with this modulation scheme is 24 Mbit s-1, what is the baud (symbol) rate?Consider the baseband signaling of the textual message 'OK' (excluding the quotes) in a wired DCS using binary line codes. Assume to bit duration is 1 ms. (a) Covert the message "OK" into a bit stream based on the 6-bit ASCII standard. (b) Describe mathematically and plot the non-return to zero code. evel (NRZ-L) line Stu (c) Describe mathematically and plot the bi-o-L (Manchester) line code. (d) escribe mathematically and plot the bipolar level line code.
- Question 5: a) In the context of WCDMA, answer the following questions: What is the chip rate of WCDMA? i. ii. What is the duration for WCDMA frame? iii. For the figure shown below, what is the spreading factor? Symbol iv. V. vi. vii. Data Spreading code Spread signal Datax code Spreading What is the corresponding processing gain? For the figure shown below, what is the multiplexing mode used? Uplink Downlink Frequency Time WCDMA has a frequency reuse of 1 between different cells. What does that mean? If fast fading occurs when the path difference between two received signals is half wavelength. Calculate the path difference at a frequency equals to 2 GHz.(a) Draw a QPSK waveform for 11010010 (b) Draw a Multilevel FSK (M = 4) for the same bitstream as in (a).3. Explain disadvantages of ASK modulation system.
- Q3. b) Suppose you want to transmit the 10-bit message [101101101] by Pulse code Modulation (PCM). Using clearly labeled diagrams, show the encoding the bit sequence using the following PCM waveform types: i) Bipolar RZ Signal ii) RZ-AMI iii) Bi – o - L iv) Delay modulationDraw a block diagram of a typical digital communications system (both transmit and receive paths) and briefly describe what happens within the Source Encoder and Channel Encoder elements, making sure to mention the nature of the signal generated by these blocks. b)C- Put TRUE or FALSE for only TWO of the following and say why: 1. PCM modulation is very complex technique compared to DM. 2. Envelope detection for PSK signal is possible via using DPSK. 3. Afrequency reuse factor can be reached to "1" as a maximum value.
- c) Draw a block diagram of a typical digital communications system including both transmit and receive paths and describe the nature of the signals generated by each of the blocks. Briefly describe what happens within the Modulator element and explain what is meant by the term 'up-conversion'.4. What parameter of a PPM signal varies in direct proportion to the message signal amplitude? a. the average frequency of the PPM pulses b. the distance between the PPM pulses c. the amplitude of the PPM pulses d. the width of the PPM pulses 5. What is the function of the prefilter in a PTM modulation circuit? completely removes frequencies greater than 8 kHz a. completely removes the PTM signal's first replica b. frequencies c. filters the message signal d. partially reconstructs and amplifies the message signal 6. What advantage does a PPM signal have over a PWM signal? a. can be used for message signals greater than 5 kHz b. requires lower sampling frequency c. easier to demodulate d. requires less transmission power 7. Why does PTM require a higher sampling frequency than PAM? a. The amplitude of PTM signals is constant. b. There are more sidebands in the first replica of a PTM c. Signal than in a PAM signal. d. A sample/hold circuit requires a higher sampling frequency. e. There…Given that the base address is FoH. 1. Create a new asm project “Lab2_Q1.asm". Assume that port A of 8255A PPI is connected to 8085. Write assembly code to send the value of FFH to FoH. Enter a delay of 2 ms for each transmission.