-Q2.23-. A cantilever beam shown is reinforced with 7- 25 mmø at the top and 4- 16 mmø at the bottom. Beam b x h = 380 mm x 480 mm. Tie diameter = 12 mmø spaced at 80 mm o.c. Clear concrete cover (from concrete surface to outer surface of ties) = 50 mm. f'c = 21.7 MPa and fy = 410 MPa. Assume bars are laid in single layer. Answer the following: (1) Compute the development length of the 25 mm bars at the top. Use formula in section 425.4.2.3. (2) Determine the development length of the 16 mm bottom bars. (3) Determine the development length if the bottom bars are 25 mm in diameter. Use the editor to format your answer

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Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.