Q.2.1.1 Net profit margin (10%). Q.2.1.2 Debt equity ratio (30%). Q.2.1.3 Average creditors settlement period (60 days). Assume purchases are equal to cost of sales and 60% of all purchases are on credit. Q.2.1.4 Current ratio (2:1). Q.2.2 Discuss how the solvency ratio is calculated and what is measured by this ratio.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The following information was extracted from the records of Tshabalala Traders Ltd for the year
ended 31 December 2019.
R
Capital 1 January 2019 350 000
Drawings 20 000
Sales (70% on credit) 950 000
Gross profit 250 000
Total expenses 80 000
Bank favourable 26 000
Net profit 74 000
Trade creditors 26 000
Property, plant and equipment 350 000
Fixed deposit 20 000
Inventory 72 000
Trade Debtors 80 000
Mortgage Loan 100 000
Additional Information
The opening balance of the inventory, debtors and creditors was R50 000, R60 000 and R30 000
respectively. Assume a 365 day year.
Calculate the following ratios and explain what each ratio means in relation to the
industry average given in brackets. Show your calculations as marks will be awarded
for these. Round off to 2 decimal places.
Q.2.1.1 Net profit margin (10%).
Q.2.1.2 Debt equity ratio (30%).
Q.2.1.3 Average creditors settlement period (60 days). Assume purchases are equal
to cost of sales and 60% of all purchases are on credit.
Q.2.1.4
Q.2.2 Discuss how the solvency ratio is calculated and what is measured by this ratio.
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