Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Provide a explantion and diagram of the Intracellular mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation via antagonists such as atropine binding and blocking muscarinic receptors M3.
explain how Atropine blocks the acetylcholine receptors
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- 31) Provide one difference and one similarity in the process of contraction of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle. These could include channels, mechanisms, anatomic features etc (SHORT ANSWER PLEASE)arrow_forwardUsing pyramidal motor tract as a template, describe the voluntary control of skeletal muscles being sure to use appropriate course terminology. Start from the very first neuron and end with neural innervation onto muscle fiber.arrow_forwardFirst, explain how resting membrane potential is established in terms of ion concentration and electric charge. Next, explain the process of neural signal transmission from an alpha motor neuron to the muscle fiber. Do this by explaining how an AP is generated (ions and membrane proteins) at the neuron, how the signal is propagated, what happens at the axon terminal, what happens at the motor endplate, and explain all the molecular events that occur to cause muscle contraction.arrow_forward
- Explain the intracellular mechansim of smooth muscle relaxation of agaonist such as mepyrimine and atropine.arrow_forwardHigh blood K+ concentrations cause depolarization of the restingmembrane potential. Predict and explain the effect of high blood K+levels on smooth muscle functionarrow_forwardAcetylcholine molecules are actively transported from the axon to their receptors on the muscle membrane by special transport proteins.arrow_forward
- exaplin the intracellular mehcanims of smooth msucle via agonist such as Hitamine and acytycholine. link hisamine to muscarnic recptors link acetycholine to a neurotransmittors Give a diagram for each.arrow_forwardHow is the muscular contraction stopped (i.e.: how does a muscle relax after contraction)? 1. The brain stops sending the nerve impulse that commands the muscle to contract, interrupting communication at the neuromuscular junction 2. Acetylcholineesterase (AChE) is released into the synaptic cleft to destroy any remaining Acetylcholine 3. No mechanism is necessary. When the antagonist begins to contract, it forces relaxation and stretch of the agonist muscle. 4. Relaxation occurs as the myosin heads are "snapped" off of the thick filaments. This interrupts the crossbridge and allows for muscles to stretch 5. Relaxation only occurs if the brain sends a "stop" signal to the musclearrow_forwardMost immediate physiological adjustments to exercise occur prior to any change in tissue metabolic demand for oxygen or nutrients. This occurs because exercise increases sympathetic nervous system activity. With your knowledge of exercise and the control of alpha motor neurons by the primary motor cortex of the brain, how does increased exercise influence the sympathetic nervous system?arrow_forward
- 61.arrow_forwardNeuromuscular Junction: -Activation of nicotinic ACh receptors in the motor end plate results in both Na+ influx into and K+ efflux from the muscle fiber - An action potential in a motor neuron always produces a graded depolarization in the motor endplate and an action potential in the sarcolemma. -Acetylcholine released from the motor presynaptic terminal binds to voltage-gated ACh receptors in the motor endplate. -all of the above -a and b are rightarrow_forwardSuccinylcholine act as adepolarising agent that prevents repolarization of the somatic motor neuron. Thus, no further ACh is released until drug is cleared. Name another site within the MNJ we could target to prevent muscle contraction, and explain why this would work.arrow_forward
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