Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780190698614
Author: Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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**Problem 1.** The thickness \( \delta \) of the boundary layer for a fluid passing over a flat plate depends upon the distance \( x \) from the plate’s leading edge, the free-stream velocity \( U \) of the flow, and the density \( \rho \) and viscosity \( \mu \) of the fluid. Determine the relation between \( \delta \) and these parameters. Hint: take \( q = \delta \) and \( \mu \).

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram illustrates a flat plate over which fluid is flowing. A boundary layer forms along the surface of the plate, represented by a curved line. The diagram includes:

- The horizontal axis labeled as \( x \) indicating the direction along the plate.
- The vertical axis labeled as \( y \) indicating the distance perpendicular to the plate. 
- The free-stream velocity \( U \) is shown above the boundary layer as parallel arrows indicating the direction and speed of the fluid outside the boundary layer.
- Inside the boundary layer, the velocity is denoted by \( u \), with smaller arrows indicating slower velocities near the plate.
- The thickness of the boundary layer \( \delta \) is marked as the distance from the plate's surface to where the fluid velocity nearly equals the free-stream velocity \( U \).

The task is to find the relationship between \( \delta \), \( x \), \( U \), \( \rho \), and \( \mu \).
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Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 1.** The thickness \( \delta \) of the boundary layer for a fluid passing over a flat plate depends upon the distance \( x \) from the plate’s leading edge, the free-stream velocity \( U \) of the flow, and the density \( \rho \) and viscosity \( \mu \) of the fluid. Determine the relation between \( \delta \) and these parameters. Hint: take \( q = \delta \) and \( \mu \). **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates a flat plate over which fluid is flowing. A boundary layer forms along the surface of the plate, represented by a curved line. The diagram includes: - The horizontal axis labeled as \( x \) indicating the direction along the plate. - The vertical axis labeled as \( y \) indicating the distance perpendicular to the plate. - The free-stream velocity \( U \) is shown above the boundary layer as parallel arrows indicating the direction and speed of the fluid outside the boundary layer. - Inside the boundary layer, the velocity is denoted by \( u \), with smaller arrows indicating slower velocities near the plate. - The thickness of the boundary layer \( \delta \) is marked as the distance from the plate's surface to where the fluid velocity nearly equals the free-stream velocity \( U \). The task is to find the relationship between \( \delta \), \( x \), \( U \), \( \rho \), and \( \mu \).
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