Please order the steps of voluntary movement. 1) Primary motor cortex sends information to alpha motor neurons 2) The prefrontal and parietal cortices decide to initiate movement. 3) Alpha motor neurons initiate muscle contractions. 4) The supplementary motor area (SMA) uses input from the thalamus and basal ganglia to plan a movement.
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Please order the steps of voluntary movement.
1) Primary motor cortex sends information to alpha motor neurons
2) The prefrontal and parietal cortices decide to initiate movement.
3) Alpha motor neurons initiate muscle contractions.
4) The supplementary motor area (SMA) uses input from the thalamus and basal ganglia to plan a movement.
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- The role of muscle spindles in the maintenance of the upright posture depends upon all the following, except :-a- contraction of the peripheral contractile part of spindle fibersb- increased sensory discharge from spindles of postural musclesc- increased supraspinal facilitation to the γ-motor neurons of postural musclesd- presence of greater numbers of spindles in postural musclesPremotor time can be defined as the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the start of a movement the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the first change in the electrical activity of any muscle involved in the movement to be performed the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the first change of electrical activity of the prime mover muscle involved in the movement to be performed the time between the initiation of the movement and the first change in the electrical activity of the postural muscles involved in the movement to be performed the time between the presentation of a signal and the initiation of a responsea) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as the interpulse interval was decreased progressively. b) Examine the table. Can you describe what happens to the frequency of stimulation when you decrease the interval between the pulses?
- FILL IN THE BLANKS USING THE OPTIONS GIVEN: 1. When the hammer/mallet strikes the patellar tendon, the muscle fibres stretch and stimulate the sensory neurons within those fibres. A nerve impulse is generated and travels from the ______ nerve in the _______ to the spinal cord. The sensory neuron stimulates a motor neuron within the spinal cord. The motor neurons sends a nerve impulse back to the muscle causing it to contract which causes the leg to kick. Options: Sensory , motor, mixed, muscle or spinal cordA tap on the patellar tendon at the knee joint is used to test the knee-jerk reflex. All of the followings are correct, except ---------------------. The reflex starts with the 1a sensory neurons of the muscle spindle There is an excitatory stimulus to the motor pool of the extensor muscle There is a stimulation of the excitatory interneuron of the flexor muscle Excitation of the extensor muscle fibers causes the knee extension Muscle contraction depends on coordination between motor pools of antagonistic musclesA 54-year-old patient diagnosed with toxic fume exposure presents with symptoms affecting the neurologic system. On inspection of the upper extremities, you notice small, repetitive local contractions of the muscles visible through the skin. Which of the following best describes these types of abnormal muscle contractions? Answers: A-D A Clonus B Tensus muscularis C Asterixis D Fasciculation O
- Using pyramidal motor tract as a template, describe the voluntary control of skeletal muscles being sure to use appropriate course terminology. Start from the very first neuron and end with neural innervation onto muscle fiber.Motor control can be defined as the acquisition of relatively permanent movement skills resulting from practice and repeated experience. True False2B. Define a twitch. Discuss the phases of a twitch when graphed. List the events that occur at each.
- What would happen without input from gamma motor neurons? A) Information about velocity would continue, but information about length would no longer be possible. B) The spindles would be unable to provide feedback as the muscle contracted. C) Neither the intrafusal nor extrafusal fibers would contract. D) The extrafusal fibers would not contract, but the intrafusal fibers would continue to contract.While initial control of skeletal muscles occurs with the motor cortex, a successful movement also requires efferent feedback from joint, tendon and other proprio- ception sensors. Ultimately, complete control and coordination of motor movements requires the operation of: a. The cerebellum b. The hippocampus c. The vestibular apparatus d. The lateral ventriclesFor the three case studies down below: *Identify the anatomy/physiology involved as related to the Skeletal Muscle. *What is going wrong or has occurred, and how that impacts the Skeletal Muscle specifically. *Provide an explanation for how the Skeletal Muscle responds to the situation. 1) David was walking along the sidewalk in downtown Longview, when his son ran out into the road. David took off quickly in an explosive movement to grab his son from the street. When David returned to the sidewalk with his son, he quickly put his hands on legs as he was breathing heavily, heart rate up, and his legs were tightened and somewhat fatigued. Focus your answer on the actions of the muscles in the legs under this circumstance. 2) Kymani was hanging out at home when his friend offered him a drink of a new energy drink that was being developed by a family member. After Kymani took a few drinks he began to feel weak and lost motor movement/muscle control. He began to have muscle spasms and…