A friend who works in a research lab is conducting an experiment to study motor movement. First the animal undergoes spinal transection at T5. Then, the animal is trained to walk on a treadmill while supported. Finally, GABA antagonists are injected into the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. After treatment of the drug, what motor response would you expect?   Question 5 options:   A)  The animal no longer has proper functioning of back or front legs while on the treadmill   B)  The animal no longer has coordinated movement of the front legs while on the treadmill   C)  The animal no longer has coordinated movement of the back legs while on the treadmill   D)  The animal can walk normally on the treadmill (with support)

Upper motor neuron damage:   Results in activation of the extensor reflex Results in activation of the fight or flight response Results in weakness that becomes spasticity Results in spasticity that becomes flaccidity

A mutation causes a switch in dopamine receptor G-protein-coupled mechanisms in the basal ganglia, causing D1 and D2 receptors to swap their G-protein subunits. If these animals began showing Parkinson-like neuronal degeneration, what would be the resulting motor function?   Question 1 options:   A)  Hyperkinetic   B)  No change   C)  Hypokinetic

Is the motor control approach to rehabilitation for low back pain more effective compared to other exercises? Is there any difference in comparing outcomes in patients in the short term compared to the long term

Coordination of muscle contractions to produce fluid movement, a function not fully developed at birth, is associated with the _____. options:   basal ganglia   pre-motor association area   precentral motor gyrus   cerebellum

Jane is wishing to artificially stimulate neurotransmitter release by a motor neuron. She should be able to do this by electrically activating the neuron (TRUE or FALSE) and/or by injecting potassium ions into the synaptic terminal/knob region (TRUE or FALSE).

Caffeine is known to alter transmembrane movement of calcium. What are two possible sites in the nerve and/or muscle that caffeine can act upon?

Which of the following would result in no movement (i.e. no activation of the motor cortex)? Stimulation of D2 Medium Spiny Neurons Stimulation of D1 Medium Spiny Neurons Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Interna Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Externa Both A & D are correct

Select all that are true of motor pathways. They are composed of at least two neurons. Somas of upper motor neurons are housed within the spinal cord. Lower motor neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. Axons of lower motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle cells. ©2017 McGr

Muscle fatigue has been suggested as one factor that can increase the chances of non-contact sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Notably, some researchers have noted a delay in the reflex response after muscle fatigue. With your understanding of the stretch reflex, which of the following is the most logical contributing factor to the injury? a. the distraction of the game causes inhibitory impulses to be sent down from the somatosensory cortex, so muscles are not operating at full capacity b. the proprioceptors adapt and become less sensitive c. there is an increase in time to muscle contraction after triggering a reflex