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Please help Why did we use nanoparticles?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Please help Why did we use nanoparticles? Please use the sheet below to help
Abstract Did you know that the cell copies 50 nucleotides (letters of DNA code) per second when it is dividing? And it only makes one mistake per 100 million nucleotides! That's like copying the full 32 volumes of Encyclopedia Britannica twelve times and only making one typo! Most times even these mistakes are caught and fixed. But sometimes a mutation (mistake in the code) gets passed on. In eggs and sperm that means an unborn baby will get one bad copy of that gene. Introduction Imagine you misspelled one letter of one word on an assignment, and the teacher gave you a 0% for the whole thing. Not fair! But this is what happens in diseases like B-thalassemia. Just one of the nucleotides in the DNA code for a gene is copied wrong, and yet the molecule that gene is supposed to make can't do what it needs to. B-thalassemia is a blood disorder. People with this disease cannot produce hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen through the blood. We would like to fix the section of their DNA. Then they could produce the oxygen-carrying molecule on their own! This is called genetic editing. If we correct the bad letter of the DNA code we can cure a person for life! That's very difficult, though: bodies are very good at destroying the molecules we use to do genetic editing. Most of the time this is a very good thing. Outside of the lab, In most cases, even this is okay. The baby is a carrier of a bad copy of the gene, but often the good copy from the other parent will work well enough. In rare cases, though, a baby may receive a bad copy from both parents. This means they will have a genetic disease. There are several diseases that are caused by a single nucleotide mutation. Scientists have always wanted to use genetic editing to correct the bad part of the gene. We found a way to do it in real, live mice! Fig. 1. A dose-up of our nanoparticles inside a baby mouse's blood vessels. Here they carry a fluorescent molecule. They're so bright because they are loaded with lots of molecules, but they're still so small that they can travel through the tiniest blood vessels! (See the full video on our website!) most unfamiliar molecules are from a virus or infection. But it makes our job very hard. We thought we could solve this problem using nanoparticles.
Transcribed Image Text:Abstract Did you know that the cell copies 50 nucleotides (letters of DNA code) per second when it is dividing? And it only makes one mistake per 100 million nucleotides! That's like copying the full 32 volumes of Encyclopedia Britannica twelve times and only making one typo! Most times even these mistakes are caught and fixed. But sometimes a mutation (mistake in the code) gets passed on. In eggs and sperm that means an unborn baby will get one bad copy of that gene. Introduction Imagine you misspelled one letter of one word on an assignment, and the teacher gave you a 0% for the whole thing. Not fair! But this is what happens in diseases like B-thalassemia. Just one of the nucleotides in the DNA code for a gene is copied wrong, and yet the molecule that gene is supposed to make can't do what it needs to. B-thalassemia is a blood disorder. People with this disease cannot produce hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen through the blood. We would like to fix the section of their DNA. Then they could produce the oxygen-carrying molecule on their own! This is called genetic editing. If we correct the bad letter of the DNA code we can cure a person for life! That's very difficult, though: bodies are very good at destroying the molecules we use to do genetic editing. Most of the time this is a very good thing. Outside of the lab, In most cases, even this is okay. The baby is a carrier of a bad copy of the gene, but often the good copy from the other parent will work well enough. In rare cases, though, a baby may receive a bad copy from both parents. This means they will have a genetic disease. There are several diseases that are caused by a single nucleotide mutation. Scientists have always wanted to use genetic editing to correct the bad part of the gene. We found a way to do it in real, live mice! Fig. 1. A dose-up of our nanoparticles inside a baby mouse's blood vessels. Here they carry a fluorescent molecule. They're so bright because they are loaded with lots of molecules, but they're still so small that they can travel through the tiniest blood vessels! (See the full video on our website!) most unfamiliar molecules are from a virus or infection. But it makes our job very hard. We thought we could solve this problem using nanoparticles.
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