Please discuss below how the relaxation of smooth muscle will alter lung capacities, with special attention given to how relaxation will impact airway diameter, airway resistance, and oxygen uptake (inspiration/inhalation)
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Please discuss below how the relaxation of smooth muscle will alter lung capacities, with special attention given to how relaxation will impact airway diameter, airway resistance, and oxygen uptake (inspiration/inhalation)
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- Under conditions where normal breathing isn’t sufficient, other muscles will assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity. A muscle that increases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (↑/↓) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration). A muscle that decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (↑/↓) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration).Describe the specific events of the ventilation process. Be sure to include all additional structures that contribute to ventilation. Explain why ventilation is not 100% voluntary. (HINT: CO2) What is spirometry?Ventilation disorders have a significant effect on the volume of air entering the lungs and its availability for gas exchange. Explain the association between decreased ventilation and pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction. Link your understanding of this physiological phenomenon to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Describe the physical principles governing the movement of air into the lungs and the actions of the respiratory muscles.The forces for resting expiration come from the elastic recoil of tissues and from surface tension. The lungs contain considerable elastic tissue, which stretches with lung expansion during inspiration. As the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax following inspiration, the elastic tissues cause the lungs to recoil and return to their original shapes. This pulls the visceral pleural membrane inward, and the parietal pleura and chest wall follow. Also, during inspiration the diaphragm compresses the abdominal organs beneath it. When the diaphragm relaxes, the abdominal organs spring back into their previous shapes, pushing the diaphragm upward(fig. 16.14a). At the same time, the surface tension that develops on the moist surfaces of the alveolar linings decreases the diameters of the alveoli. Together these factors increase intra-alveolar pressure about 1 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure, so that the air inside the lungs is forced out through respiratory passages with no…Describe inhalation and exhalation. Be sure to include discussions of what triggers them and the role of muscles in effecting these actions. You should also discuss the volume and pressure changes that occur during inhalation and exhalation.
- Place the following in order after contraction of the diaphragm. = Oxygen is in the alveoli. = Carbon dioxide leaves the body. = Oxygen is in the bronchial tubes. = Oxygen moves into the upper respiratory tract. = Oxygen is pulled into the lower respiratory tract. = Oxygen diffuses through capillaries into the blood stream. = Diaphragm relaxes. Type here to search 近During normal quiet breathing: O only expiration requires muscle activation no muscles are involved in either inspiration or expiration Muscle contractions are needed for both inspiration and expiration muscle action is only required for inspiration, whereas expiration occurs due to passive elastic recoil of tissues that were stretched during inspiration The lungs stick to the wall of the thoracic cavity due to: negative intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity and adhesion of fluid in the pleural cavity to the pleura. Adhesion junctions between the parietal and visceral pleura fibrous connective tissues between the visceral and parietal pleura Surfactant in the intrapleural spaceA person who was previously resting begins to exercise strenuously. Explain what pulmonary ventilation is. Describe the process of quiet breathing at rest versus the respiratory response to exercise. Include in your answer the major mechanisms that drive pulmonary ventilation, the relationship between volume and pressure and discussion on pressure gradients.
