Ventilation disorders have a significant effect on the volume of air entering the lungs and its availability for gas exchange. Explain the association between decreased ventilation and pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction. Link your understanding of this physiological phenomenon to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Q: Explain pulmonary elastic recoil in terms of surface tension and elastic fibres

A: Bounce back of the lungs after having been stretched by inhalation is called Elastic recoil. This…

Q: To determine the possible obstruction of the airway, a FEV may be measured using a spirometer. Under…

A: Asthma is a condition in which there is hyperresponsiveness of the airways,  increase in bronchial…

Q: Identify two restrictive disorders and two obstructive respirator disorders and discussion the…

A: Obstructive disorders are characterized by a reduction in airflow so shortness of breath in exhaling…

Q: What is an obstructive pulmonary disorder? What is an example of one? How might it affect…

A: The airways and air sacs in the lungs become less elastic in obstructive pulmonary disorder.

Q: normal resting conditions, arterial Pco2 is 40 mm Hg and minu mately 6.5 L/min. If the arterial Pco2…

A: The minute ventilation will increase leads to the increase in tidal volume or respiratory rate.…

Q: Name the phase of respiration controlled by the respiratory control center. Explain how the…

A:

Q: Explain how perfusion of a pulmonary lobule changes if it is poorly ventilated.

A: The pulmonary lobule can be defined as the lung unit, which is located distal to the bronchioles.…

Q: Name the phase of respiration controlled by the respiratory control center. Explain how the…

A: The network of organs and tissues that aids in breathing is known as the respiratory system. It…

Q: Based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), what are the stages of…

A: COPD is a group of chronic ling disease that include Emphysema , Asthma , Chronic Bronchitis and…

Q: Briefly explain two ways interstitial lung disease may affect gas exchange in the lungs

A: Interstitial lung disease : Interstitial lung disease is the term used for group of chronic lung…

Q: Discuss the factors that decrease Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?

A: Heart is located in the mediastinum;about two thirds of its mass is to the left of the midline. The…

Q: The diffusion coefficient of a gas is a constant and is not affected by disease states or treatment…

A: The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon di-oxide between the…

Q: Explain how CO2 loading and O2 unloading are connected in systemic gas exchange.  Make sure to…

A: Chloride shift is a process that occurs in the cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of…

Q: Describe how the value for the peak expiratory flow rate might temporarily be altered in an…

A: Peak expiratory flow rate is defined as the rate at which a patient can exhale after deep…

Q: Explain the Pathways by which increased arterial PCO2 stimulates ventilation?

A: Central chemoreception traditionally refers to a change in ventilation of the alveoli as a result of…

Q: during the inspiration phase of pulmonary ventilation which of the following occurs first? increase…

A: Coordinated functioning of the body organs regulates and maintains an optimum performance. The organ…

Q: While many of the following parameters may change, which one of the following is the most definitive…

A: A respiratory ailment called restrictive lung disease is defined by a reduction in lung volume,…

Q: The diaphragm of an individual no longer functions normally due to an accident. Explain how this…

A: The diaphragm is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen…

Q: What changes in the FEV1/FVC would you expect to see with restrictive pulmonary disease?  Remember…

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Q: Please answer both Lung compliance generally decreases as people age. If nothing else changes, how…

A: Pulmonary compliance, a parameter that indicates the lung's expandability, is critical for optimal…

Q: List the Factors that increase Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?

A: The pulmonary system consists of upper and lowers pulmonary structures along with the…

Q: Indicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during…

A: The question at hand delves into the complex realm of respiratory physiology, specifically focusing…

Q: Explain the mechanism through which the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve changes in exercising…

A: The hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve is a graphical portrayal that represents the connection…

Q: Explain the mechanism involved during breathing

A: Breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. The ribs present in the thoracic…

Q: Compare and contrast the following terms: Tachypnea and hyperventilation

A: Both Tachypnea and hyperventilation are breathing related respiratory problems.

Q: The inhalation and exhalation are two characteristics of respiratory function. Please explain the…

A: All living organisms require energy to perform various types of activities. In the body of…

Q: How is a basic knowledge of the effects of exercise on the cardiopulmonary systems is helpful to the…

A: The cardiopulmonary adaptations made to dynamic and static exercise show the incredible capacity of…

Q: Indicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during…

A: Respiratory volumes and capacities are measures used to quantify the amount of air involved in…

Q: Asthma is a very common disease. It is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and…

A: Lungs are critical components of the respiratory system. Human lungs are constructed in such a way…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.