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51 please arrange the statements in rpoper order
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- Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Match the following list of RNAs (left side) with their function(s) (right side).w. mRNA i. block translation of elected mRNAsx. rRNA ii. modification and processing of rRNAy. snoRNA iii. modification of snoRNA and snRNAz. snRNA iv. components of ribosomeaa. tRNA v. spilicing of RNA transcriptsbb. scaRNA vi. directs degradation of selected mRNAscc. miRNA vii. codes for proteinsdd. siRNA viii. adaptor for protein synthesisWhen an ncRNA functions as a decoy, ita. contains binding sites for many different proteins, therebypromoting the formation of a large complex.b. recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, therebypreventing them from working.c. can alter its conformation, allowing it to switch betweenactive and inactivate conformations.d. may physically prevent or block a cellular process fromhappening.
- After treating cells in tissue culture with an HDAC inhibitor, which of the following is the most likely outcome? A. Repression of transcription B. Promoter methylation C. Enhanced splicing D. Activation of transcription E. Depends on the cell typeThrough alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcriptionProvide the SIGNIFICANT differences between the following: 1. Regulation AFTER transcription mRNA processing miRNAs a. b. 2. Types of Genes Facultative Constitutive a. b.
- Which of the following statements are true about eukaryotic mRNA?a. The sigma factor is essential for the correct initiationof transcription.b. Processing of the nascent mRNA may begin beforeits transcription is complete.c. Processing takes place in the cytoplasm.d. Termination is accomplished by the use of a hairpinloop or the use of the rho factor.e. Many RNAs can be transcribed simultaneously fromone DNA templateScientists have exploited the siRNA pathway toperform a technique called RNA interference—ameans to knock down the expression of a specificgene without having to make mutations in it. Theidea is to introduce dsRNA corresponding to thetarget gene into an organism; the dsRNA is thenprocessed into an siRNA that leads to the degradation of the target gene’s mRNA. One clever methodfor delivery of the dsRNA to some organisms (thenematode C. elegans, for example) is to feed thembacteria transformed with a recombinant plasmidthat expresses dsRNA.a. Draw a gene construct that, when expressed from aplasmid in bacteria, could be used to knock downby RNA interference the expression of gene X ofC. elegans.b. How can you test if gene X expression is obliterated in worms that have eaten the bacteria transformed with a plasmid containing your construct?c. Do you think that only gene X expression will beaffected in these worms? Explain.Let’s suppose that the overexpression of a particular miRNA was associatedwith pancreatic cancer. Which of the following agents might be effective in treating this type of cancer?a. Enoxacinb. A DNA demethylating agentc. An anti-miRNA oligonucleotided. Both a and b
- 1. Transcription: a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.Alternative RNA splicing a. is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription. b. can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a gene. C. can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAS. d. increases the rate of transcription. e. is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNAs.microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in gene regulation. What is the correct order of steps (using letters A - E) for miRNA biogenesis or formation? A. Synthesis of pri-miRNA B. Targeting of mRNA for translation repression or mRNA degradation C. Loading into RISC complex D. Formation of mature miRNA E. Formation of pre-miRNA O AECDB O CDAEB O ACBDE O ADCEB O ECABD