Why are mRNA vaccines more effective than conventional vaccines?

Q: Why are retroviruses important?

A: A virus is composed not of DNA but of RNA. Retroviruses have an enzyme, called reverse…

Q: What are the steps in making an mRNA vaccine?

A: mRNA vaccines combine ideal immunological houses with an exceptional protection profile and the…

Q: Can the new COVID-19 variants not work on the COVID-19 vaccines

A: COVID 19 is the virus that has originated from the SARS CoV-2. It usually spreads from the droplet…

Q: companies developing vaccines,drugs and diagnostic for covid-19 for being forced to scale up…

A: AS we know that companies are developing COVID-19 vaccines, drugs, and diagnostic, But to meet the…

Q: Why is the precise timing of recombination events critical during B and T cell development?.

A: B and T cell development is the complex biological process through which precursor cells mature into…

Q: What are the types ofantigenic agents that mayconstitute vaccines?

A: An antigen is defined as any substance, either pathogen, cell metabolite, pollutant, pollen grains,…

Q: How do mRNA vaccines work? Why is this such a turning point in combating COVID-19?

A: A few vaccines utilize an entire virus or bacterium to show our bodies how to develop immunity to…

Q: Antigenic drift refers to: A.The reassortment of genomic segments from different viruses B.Cytotoxic…

A: The immune response or immune reaction is produced by the immune system against the antigen that…

Q: In addition to boosters of existing mRNA vaccines, which of the following strategies could be…

A: Humans have immune systems that defend the body from disease-causing microorganisms. The first line…

Q: How to create recombinant T-cell receptors(TCRs) ?

A: T-lymphocytic cells are one of the important components of the immune system along with…

Q: gene therapy

A: It may or may not be. But right now gene therapy to not eliminate Covid 19.

Q: Do vaccine cause autism?

A: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by non social behavior , cognitive…

Q: What are the advantages of inactivated vaccine over mRNA vaccine and vice versa? Provide examples…

A: Vaccine can be defined as a biological preparation which prepares our immune system to fight against…

Q: Name several types of vectors, and list the types of genes that they can contain.

A: The vector is a DNA molecule that serves as the carrier for the transfer or insertion of foreign…

Q: Some antigens are superantigen?

A: Superantigens are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system.…

Q: Explain Oncogenes and retroviruses?

A: Virus is a small microscopic agent which is an infectious agent that can replicate only inside the…

Q: What is the name of protein subjected to IP? What is the importance of the pY blot? How many…

A: Immunoprecipitation or IP is a technology that precipitates a protein from the solution with the…

Q: What type of vaccines are the following for COVID-19: Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson and Johnson? How…

A: There are numerous vaccination varieties, including: vaccines that are inactivevaccines made using…

Q: Describe the difference between an mRNA vaccine and a conventional vaccine?

A: A quick, safe, and efficient method of preventing deadly infections before someone becomes ill is…

Q: How do 3D protein modeling tools help in the development of drugs or vaccines?

A: Drug discovery and vaccine development requires a detailed understanding of the cellular…

Q: Can cells with your personal genome be reprogrammed for new therapies?

A: Yes.

Q: Describe two advantages of an attenuated vaccine over an inacti­vated one.

A: Live vaccine are produced by reducing the virulence (disease causing capacity), whereas killed or…

Q: Discuss with your teacher what does ‘a suitable gene’ means, in the context of DNA vaccines.

A: DNA vaccination is one of the methodologies that are useful in protecting from some of the…

Q: How are inactivated vaccine and mRNA vaccine produced? From what you know about DNA technology and…

A: Inactivated vaccines are made up of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been…

Q: What is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?

A: Gene therapy is a method that allows the correction of the defective gene. In gene therapy, it is…

Q: Why doesn't the influenza vaccine offer more than a few months of protection?

A: The vaccination provides the protection to the person from various kinds of infective diseases. So,…

Q: How does the mRNA covid-19 vaccine provide resistance, how do the antibodies help one's immune…

A: These are Y shaped proteins that bind to the body's foreign invaders and signal the immune system to…

Q: #10) Why are diseases of the blood simpler targets from treatment by gene therapy than are many…

A: Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent diseases. It involves…

Q: Describe two advantages of an inactivated vaccine over an attenuated one.

A: There are numerous pathogens that are present in the environment that can potentially harm the body…

Q: How do mRNA vaccines work? What are their disadvantages?

A: A relatively new class of vaccinations called mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccines has been created to…

Q: What mechanism in the mRNA covid-19 vaccine allows the immune system to recognize the cell as…

A: mRNA vaccines are new type of vaccine to protect against infectious diseases.In order to trigger the…

Q: be treated with gen

A: AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can be defined as the infection caused by the human…

Q: What changes can be made to an mRNA transcript to be used in a vaccine in order to change its…

A: mRNA is basically composed of protein encoding ORF, surrounded by 5′ and 3′ UTRs, and a 7-methyl…

Q: Would it be effective to use an inhibitor of RNA polymerase to block the HIV replication cycle and…

A: HIV virus is a retrovirus that has single stranded RNA as the genetic material. It specifically…

Q: How has antagonistic pleiotropy been used during the development of vaccine candidates?

A: Pleiotropy : When one gene controls effect of more than one phenotypic character in an organism.…

Q: Why is the CRISPR-Cas system of bacteria considered an adaptiveimmunity rather than an innate…

A: CRISPR is the clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeats.

Q: What are boosters, adjuvants, Trojan horse vaccines, and toxoids?

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous microbes is known as immunity.…

Q: What types of viruses are used for gene therapy, and how are they manipulated to make them useful?

A: Gene therapy is the technique used to cure or prevent the disease by introducing the normal gene in…

Q: ow does the COVID 19 vaccines work?

A: Vaccines that are permitted and recommended fall into three categories.

Q: Regarding inactivated vaccines and mRNA vaccines, what are the advantages of one over the other?

A: The basic principle of vaccination or immunization is based on the features of  “memory” of the…

Q: Discuss the advantages of recombinant vaccines with examples

A: Vaccines were initially developed on the basis of attenuation or inactivation of pathogens. Live…

Q: What

A: Vaccines help to protect the human body by preparing it to fight foreign pathogens or viruses in…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.