Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.
A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…
Q: Briefly explain about Two types of Immunomodulators(Immunosuppressant and Immunostimulant)
A: Immunomodulators These drugs redesign the immune system and are used in immune therapy. The common…
Q: Explain the term antibodies?
A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that the body's immune system helps fight infections. There are…
Q: Describe the gross anatomy and histology of the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen
A: Lymph node, thymus, and spleen are the parts of the immune system of the body. The organs work…
Q: What is Immunoglobulin (Ig)
A: Protein is an important body-building macromolecule. There are four structural levels of proteins…
Q: Define polyclonal antibodies.
A: Antibodies are Y shaped soluble glycoproteins that are produced in response to the antigens by…
Q: explain the mechanisms of immunoglobulin proteins.
A: Immunoglobulin is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans,…
Q: Is Crohn's disease considered as an autoimmune disease. If it is, are there other predisposing…
A: Chron's disease and it's linkage
Q: a person with type O has anti-O antibodies?
A: The blood is the fluid connective tissue that involves in the transport of oxygen, carbondioxide,…
Q: What is an immunoglobulin? Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin molecule (light chain and…
A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…
Q: Explain the consequences of antibody binding of antigen
A: Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism against the antigen. Antigen refers to the foreign…
Q: When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.
A: Antigen presenting cell or APC is any cell that can process and present a part of antigen in…
Q: What are monoclonal antibodies?
A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…
Q: There are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the three below.
A: An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system…
Q: Choose an autoimmune disease, describe its causes, effect and way of treatment
A: An autoimmune disease is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks your body.
Q: Describe the structure and function of antibodies.
A: Antibodies are Glycoproteins also known as immunoglobulin. An antibody is Y shaped and produced by B…
Q: Contrast the extracellular and intracellular phases of immune responses to viruses, discussing the…
A: Ans: The extracellular and intracellular are the two phases of the immune response against bacteria…
Q: Define monoclonal antibody.
A: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly…
Q: what is an autoimmune disease
A: Immune system in the body plays; very important role in protecting the body from the diseases and…
Q: What is the monoclonal surface membrane immunoglobulin for b cell with burkitt's lymphoma?
A: Burkitt's lymphoma is the cancer of the lymphatic system, especially B lymphocytes found in germinal…
Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised
A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…
Q: What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. Note: Limit is 3-5 sentences…
A: Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the study of antigen and antibody or immune…
Q: What is the significance of the level of IgM antibodies in clinical diagnosis?
A: In our body, immunoglobulin is the antibody that has the power to protect us from any pathogen as a…
Q: Define antigenic shift
A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist the attack of harmful…
Q: Explain why repeated rounds of antigen exposure can alter antibody structure and function
A: Antigens are molecules, that are capable to stimulate immune response. Each antigens have distinct…
Q: hortly discuss the different immunodeficiency and immunoproliferative disorders and include the…
A: Immunodeficiency diseases: Immunodeficiency diseases elicit the immune system to fail, resulting in…
Q: what is an autoimmune disease? and provide an example of auto immune disease. Give an in-text…
A: Introduction :- When the immune system of the body targets and destroys healthy body tissue by…
Q: . In the muscular disease myasthenia gravis, antibodiesbind to and block certain receptors on muscle…
A: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune system, neuromuscular ailment that causes shortcoming in…
Q: Briefly indicate the role of glycoproteins as antigenic determinants for blood groups.
A: The immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known…
Q: Define the term: antibody
A: The defense system in our body is known as the immune system, it helps our body to fight against the…
Q: How can the anamnestic response be explained in immunologic terms?
A: The immune system of the human body is divided into innate immunity and the adaptive immunity.…
Q: Would creating vaccines and using plasma antibodies be affective in treating Coronavirus?
A: Basically, Plasma therapy is a medical procedure that uses the blood of a recovered patient to…
Q: How would the complication in hodgkin s lymphoma differ from potential issues resulting from removal…
A: The lymphatic system is network of vessels that follows blood vessels and also a part of circulatory…
Q: List some of the differences between Hodgkin’s andnon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
A: Lymphatic system is a major system of human body regarding immunity. It includes the lymph nodes,…
Q: Explain why immunosuppressive drugs should be taken on aregular and permanent basis following a…
A: Tissue or organ transplant is a process in which damaged or severely injured tissue or organs are…
Q: Explain in detail antigen presentation pathway of the MHC molecule indicated
A: Antigen presentation is the interaction of antigen molecules on the surface of a macrophage or other…
Q: define Burkitt lymphoma (
A: The lymphatic system drains fluid from the tissues and transports it back into circulation. It…
Q: Explain why Kaposi’s sarcoma is more common inimmunocompromised patients.
A: The immunocompromised patients are the patients who have impaired or weakened immune systems and do…
Q: What are immunoglobulins?
A: The immune system is a complex network of tissues, cells, and organs. They together assist the body…
Q: Define the term: antigen
A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within the body of an organism for the purpose of…
Q: Define the term antibodies?
A: Antibodies are a type of protein molecule. Proteins are the biomolecules composed of one or many…
Q: Define the following terms antigens antibodies epitopes haptens immune complexes agglutination
A: Antigens:- Antigens are the pathogenic substances (foreign bodies) for example virus, bacteria etc.,…
Q: What is monoclonal antibodies? How it can be categorized
A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…
Explain the term immunoglobulin (IG).
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