When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In clonal selection of B cells, which…

A: B cell expresses receptors ,that are specific to distinct antigen,  is determined before…

Q: Describe the cooperative interactions between antigen-presentingcells, T cells, and B cells.

A: When a positive change done for one component increases the collectively benefits of a group of…

Q: Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells.

A: Introduction: The immune system is involved in protecting the human body from any invading pathogen.…

Q: Define polyclonal antibodies.

A: Antibodies are Y shaped soluble glycoproteins that are produced in response to the antigens by…

Q: How are B cells activated, what events are involved in this process,and what happens after B cells…

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: Describe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes play a significant role in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The cytotoxic T…

Q: List the general functions of B Cells and T Cells.

A: Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals. It delivers necessary substances such as oxygen…

Q: Explain the contrasting properties of B Cells and T Cells.

A: There are three types of blood cells present in the human body. The White blood cells consist of…

Q: Contrast the major targets of antibody-mediated responses

A: Humans a well-developed immune system to fight infections. The immunity possessed by humans can be…

Q: following terms briefly? Immune Respo

A: The most prominent feature of immune system is is the feature of possessing memory. Memory is a very…

Q: Describe how secondary B cell responses aredeveloped.

A: Immunology is a part of science that covers the investigation of immune frameworks altogether living…

Q: List and describe the steps of B-cell activation and list the types of B cells produced in this…

A: Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells(WBCs) or leukocytes and play a major role in protecting…

Q: Describe three ways in which B cells and T cells are similar and atleast five major ways in which…

A: Lymphocytes belong to the category of white blood cells and serve the function of immunity.  As its…

Q: Describe what is assembled on the surface of pre-B cells.

A: Pre B cells are cells in the bone marrow that are progenators of the B cells that are a part of the…

Q: List the chemical characteristics and actions of antibodies.

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.

A: Antigen processing and presentation is an immunological process through which the antigen-presenting…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: Describe the relationship between T cell activation and Antigen Presenting Cell.

A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…

Q: An individual is infected with a particular pathogen that he had before. This results in the…

A: Immunity is a complicated biological system with the ability to recognize and accept what belongs to…

Q: Contrast the primary and secondary response to antigens.

A: The immune system provides defence against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Explain the effect of Th on B cells

A: B cells or B lymphocytes are a kind of leucocytes that are involved in humoral immunity. They are…

Q: Describe a mechanism by which an antigen can enter the lymph node and make contact with the B-cell…

A: The response of B-cell includes two events that take place in different regions and at different…

Q: Describe how T cells are stimulated by antigens and compare to how B cells are activated

A: Antigens: Antigens are defined as the foreign infectious or harmful proteinaceous or any other…

Q: Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye.…

A: Step 1 Hello. Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If…

Q: Explain why repeated rounds of antigen exposure can alter antibody structure and function

A: Antigens are molecules, that are capable to stimulate immune response. Each antigens have distinct…

Q: Describe how antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens

A: Antigens are divided into two types named thymus-dependent antigens that require direct contact with…

Q: List the effects of antibodies binding to antigens

A: Antigen-antibody communication, or antigen-antibody response, is an interaction between chemicals…

Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering

A: B cell  also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…

Q: Define immunoglobulin (IG)

A: Immunoglobulin or IG are chiefly known as antibodies are large Y shaped protein  . These are…

Q: Explain the cross-presentation of exogenous antigen.

A: EXOGENOUS ANTIGEN- Antigens that enter the body from the outside, such as bacteria, fungi,…

Q: explain antigen-antibody complexs that is formed and how these were visible

A: An antigen is an agent that provokes the immune response in the host. The antigen is categorized…

Q: Give the sequence of events from the time the B-cell encounters the antigen to actual antibody…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: The redness and swelling associated with an inflammatory response is caused by * secretion of…

A: Immune system deals with the handling of antigens which enter in our body.

Q: Define antigen presentation.

A: A molecule or chemical structure that can attach to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor is…

Q: Describe in detail the information on what a Monoclonal Antibodies is

A: One way the immune system of the body attacks foreign agents is by producing large number of the…

Q: Contrast the general functions of the different antibody classes.

A: Antibody also known as immunoglobulins are Y shaped molecules that forms the major part of the…

Q: List the functions of the antigen-binding site and Fc region of antibodies, and briefly describe how…

A: Antigens are molecules that can elicit an immunological response. Each antigen includes unique…

Q: Describe the actions of an antigen-presenting cell.

A: Antigens are foreign elements that stimulate the production of antibodies by activation of the…

Q: Explain the four hypersensitvity disorders that occurs during the immune system and how they are…

A: The defense mechanism of the host that includes several biological structures and processes to…

Q: Explain in detail antigen presentation pathway of the MHC molecule indicated

A: Antigen presentation is the interaction of antigen molecules on the surface of a macrophage or other…

Q: Describe the process by which a B cell possessing a particular antigen receptor is expanded into a…

A: In immunology, the B cells are the antibody producing cell which is a part of the lymphocytes. The…

Q: In order of progression, state the steps that would lead to the development of natural active…

A: Principle of Active Immunity: Humoral immunity is the mechanism by which your body develops…

Q: Define the term: antigen

A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within the body of an organism for the purpose of…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.