when we use interventions to lessen the symptoms of inflammation, such as ice for swelling, and antipyretics for fever, wouldn't that slow the healing process? For instance, ice reduces swelling through vasoconstriction, however, the site of injury requires increased blood flow for tissue repair. Therefore, vasoconstriction would halt the healing process and prolong injury. Would it be more advantageous then to let our bodies do their job and just deal with the symptoms?

#4.Assesment   Most normal tissues contain resident macrophages, and connective tissue sites in the gastrointestinal tract and the lung contain large numbers of these cells. Yet the blood also contains a high number of circulating ‘classical’ monocytes that can differentiate into macrophages after entering tissues. These circulating monocytes function to: Phagocytose and kill pathogens in the blood Line the endothelial surfaces of the blood vessels with phagocytic cells Enter lymph nodes and patrol for infecting microbes in these organs Amplify the local innate immune response by entering tissues that are infected Differentiate into dendritic cells during an inflammatory response.

Which of the following is the most likely target of retinoblastoma protein (RB)?  a kinase involved in secretion  a protein responsible for ATP production DNA polymerase  Phosphodiesterase, which breaks phosphodiester bonds

When surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate immune system) is activated. These internal defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis amongst other quick responses. Briefly explain acute inflammation in terms of vascular and cellular events. Use your understanding of blood vessels (smooth muscle and endothelial cells), chemical signalling and the interstitial space to help explain the four signs of inflammation - heat, redness, pain and swelling.

Microbial recognition and tissue damage initiate an inflammatory response.  True/False: The inflammatory response is characterized by four classic symptoms: heat, redness, pain, and swelling. In some instances, this response can be triggered by stimuli that are non-infectious such as asbestos, a process known as ‘sterile inflammation.’ When exposure to the stimulating trigger is persistent, a state of chronic inflammation can result. This process is likely to be detrimental to the health of the host.

You learned that for many diseases, a penetration of the mechanical & physical  barriers of the human body must take place. Can you think of any disease where penetration is not a prerequisite to illness?

We talked in one of our first lectures about how we began to understand the potentiation of an action potential down an axon by stimulating and recording electrical changes in a giant squid neuron. Which neuroscience method enabled that discovery? Immunohistochemistry Electrophysiology Transgenic mouse lines Chemogenetics

How do you think a bacterial cell would respond if it was treated with the antibiotic vancomycin compared to the antibiotic erythromycin?  Note:  this question is asking about the bacterial response,  not the specific action of the antibiotic, although you need to know this to answer the question.

Match the following terms to the definition that best fits each. Solution outside of a body has a higher solute concentration Choose... Any foreign molecule that triggers an immune response Choose... Occurrence of an event stimulates a response that makes that event more likely to Choose... occur again Occurrence of an event stimulates a response that makes that event less likely to occur Choose... Transfer of heat between two solid objects that are in contact with each other Choose... Difference in charge across a membrane when neurons are not communicating Choose... Transfer of heat between a solid object and a moving liquid or gas Choose... Solution outside of a body has a lower solute concentration Choose...

When a pathogen (or its toxins) enters the blood, the infection can spread throughout the body. Such an infection would be considered... sub-clinical Olocalized contagious systemic