Bonnie, a 52-year-old female, has been having some mild pain in her legs recently and is not sure if she should be concerned about it. She decides to visit her primary care physician since the pain isn’t going away. Bonnie tells her physician that the pain feels like a “general soreness or ache” and seems to be worse on the left side. Her physician notes that the left lower leg seems slightly swollen when compared to the right and feels slightly warmer than the right leg.   Bonnie has a history of smoking (1-2 packs/week in her 20s and 30s). She has a BMI of 29. She travels often to see her family that lives across the country. The only medication she has ever taken regularly was oral contraceptives. Now that she is peri-menopausal, she has been treating her symptoms with hormone replacement therapy.   Which of these statements is most likely correct?   Bonnie has deep vein thrombosis.   Bonnie’s leg pain is likely caused by shin splints.   Bonnie is likely experiencing osteoarthritis.   Bonnie is experiencing symptoms relating to peripheral neuropathy.

Background: Henrik is building a terrace with a wooden trolley and uses a powerful cutting / miter saw. He has just been peeing in the woods when he starts sawing. His son plays football next door. The son gets a foul and shoots Henrik in the head !! He stumbles and the accident occurs. The hand comes against the saw blade and tears off 2 fingers !!! He bleeds heavily, and loses at least 1L of blood before the ambulance arrives. When the ambulance staff is on site, they take their blood pressure and see that it is very low and they go to the hospital very quickly. Once inside the hospital, he gets a catheter and he sees that there was some urine in the bladder. Since Henrik teaches about kidney function, he immediately begins to think about what he read about the kidney's reaction to greatly reduced blood volume as a result of ex. an injury. Describe step by step the following: a) the kidney's reaction (from the afferent blood vessels into Bowman's capsule to the bladder) to the given…

1. How do monosodium urate crystals cause gout to develop? 2. What is the main objective clinical finding in fibromyalgia? 3. How do metabolic muscle diseases develop? What causes them? 4. Name one toxic myopathy and explain why it develops. 5. From what cells do bone tumors originate? 6. Compare five major characteristics of benign bone tumors with those of malignant bone tumors. 7. How does the presence of metastatic tumors affect treatment options and prognosis of persons with osteosarcoma?

A patient with heart disease experiences pain at the base of the neck and in the left shoulder and upper limb during exercise. How would you explain the likely origin of this pain to the patient? HINT How does referred pain happen?