P generation Wild grass (Aegilops speltoides or related species) Einkorn wheat (Triticum uratu) Genome BB Genome AA (2n - 14) (2n - 14) Gametes F, generation Hybrid Genome AB (2n - 14) Mitotic nondisjunction Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum) Wild grass (Aegilops tauschil Genome AA BB Genome DD (4n- 28) (2n - 14) F2 generation Hybrid Genome A BD (3n - 21) Mitotic nondisjunction Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genome AA BB DD (6n - 42)

A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3].  In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following:   A triploid cell in females         tetrasomic cell in males         tetraploid cell in females     [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome  [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric  so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…

An individual pea plant is heterozygous for two loci: height and seed shape, with the genotype TtRr. These two loci are on different chromosomes and assort independently. What gametes are produced by this plant? Select all that apply. rr RR tr Tr tR tt TR TT TtRr

A diploid plant is heterozygous for two linked genes, A and B. Crossovers between the two genes occurs in ~10% of meiosis. Multiple crossovers are never observed in one cell undergoing meiosis. What fraction of the gametes produced by this diploid plant are expected to be recombinant type? O 5% O 10% 2.5% 25%

By conducting testcrosses, researchers have found that the sweetpea has seven linkage groups. How many chromosomes would youexpect to find in leaf cells of the plants?

In the figure below, black and pink lines are used to represent nonhomologous chromosomes. Which of the figures matches the following descriptions? More than one diagram may correspond to any one statement, and a diagram may be a correct answer for more than one question. 1) Gametes produced by a reciprocal translocation heterozygote: 2) Genetically balanced gametes produced by a reciprocal translocation heterozygote:

An individual that is heterozygous for an inversion has the following chromosomes(∗ is the centromere):M N O  P  Q  • R  S  T  Um  n  o t   s  r  • q  p  u  Assume that a crossover occurred between P and Q.  Starting with “M” allele, list the remaining genes in order (NO spaces between the letters) of the chromosome resulting from crossing over. You must use upper and lower-case letters correctly and the * symbol for the centromere(s).

Sketch a series of diagrams showing each of the following, making sure to end each series with haploid cells:(a) How a pair of alleles for a single locus segregate in meiosis(b) How the alleles of two unlinked loci assort independently in meiosis(c) How the alleles of two linked loci undergo genetic recombination

What is a contig? Explain how you would determine that two clones in a contig are overlapping.

Diagram the types of gametes you would expect from a ++/yw female, given no crossovers, one crossover, two crossovers, three crossovers, and fours crossovers between bonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?