An individual  heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes:  A B ● C D E F G, A B • C D V W X, R S •T U E F G, R S•T U V W X a. Draw the pairing arrangement of these chromosomes in prophase 1 of meiosis. Mention  their gametic composition.  b. Draw the alternate, adjacent I, and adjacent II segregation patterns in anaphase I of meiosis.  Mention their gametic composition.

Consider a cell with 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes where Chromosome 1 with genes VWXYZ is the homolog of Chromosome 2 with genes vwxyz while Chromosome 3 with genes PQRST is the homolog of Chromosome 4 with genes parst. If a reciprocal translocation occurred between Chromosome 1 YZ genes and Chromosome 3 ST genes, give the following gamete types produced after meiosis: (Answer in Arabic numbers only) 1. Gamete/s with non-recombinant chromosomes 2. Gamete/s with 1 recombinant chromosome 3. Gamete/s with 2 recombinant chromosomes 4. Gamete/s with gene duplications 5. Gamete/s with gene deletions 6. Gamete/s with 2 normal chromosome sequences 7. Gamete/s with 1 normal chromosome sequence 8. Gamete/s with balanced translocation 9. Gametes/ with all dominant genes 10. Gamete/s with all recessive genes 11. Gamete/s with 10 different genes 12. Gamete/s with TSXWV genes 13. Gamete/s with vwxyz genes 14. Gamete/s with pqrst genes 15.Gamete/s with PORYZ

Use the chromosome image, where the letters represent genes, to match the statements with their answers

If a cell has a diploid number of twelve (2N = 12) before meiosis, how many chromosomes will be in each of the four daughter cells if one pair of chromosomes experiences nondisjunction during meiosis I. Explain.

Draw a haploid mitosis of the genotype a+ ; b.

Chromosome structural errors can occur during Meiosis which can lead to health disorders. Examine the figure below and select the correct order of error type from left to right in which they appear. duplicati on, translocation, deleti on, inversion duplication, inversion, del etion, translocation O deletion, translocati on, inversion, duplication O translocation, inversion, duplication, deletion inversion, translocation, duplication, deletion

Two chromosomes have the ff. order of genes: Normal                        A  B   centromere C  D  E  F  G  H  I Abnormal                    a  b   centromere  g  f  e  d   c  h  i a. Does the abnormal chromosome have a pericentric or paracentric inversion? Why?   b. Draw a sketch to show how these two chromosomes (duplicated) would pair during synapsis. Assume a CO will occur between genes E and F. What gametes are ultimately formed at the end of telophase II and describe.

a. What type of cell division mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II is shown in this figure?  b. What is the diploid number of this organism? c. Provide labels for (i) and (ii)

In 1965 a faulty study was performed, which suggested that the XYY karyotype was associated with violent antisocial criminal behavior. The study was later disproven, as there is no association between an additional Y chromosome and abnormal behavior. Explain how this karyotype could arise in someone by mentioning the sex of the affected person, the identity of the parent (mother or father) in which the non-disjunction occurred, and the specific meiotic division during which non-disjunction took place.

Part of the karyotype of a diploid individual who is heterozygous for one chromosomal rearrangement is shown in the diagram. The chromosomes involved in the rearrangement, and their homologous pair, are shown. The location of each gene is labeled using horizontal lines and the name of each gene is labeled using letters or numbers. Answer the following questions about the diagram. A. What rearrangement is shown? Be as specific as possible. B. Describe a mutation scenario that could cause this rearrangement to be formed. A B D E F G H IXI A B с D E IIXDD 1 2 3 4 5 6 F G H D 1 2 34 5 6 X