Q: What is the name of first clones sheep?
A: A clone is an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor…
Q: What are polyribosomes?
A: Introduction During active translation, many ribosomes are attached to the mRNA thread, forming a…
Q: What is a homologous pair (also called a tetrad)?
A: The chromatid is the newly synthesized copy of the original chromosome that is attached to it with…
Q: What is reverse tandem duplication?
A: Duplication is a type of mutation, which involves the production of one or more copies of a gene or…
Q: Give one difference between a hybrid and a somatic hybrid.
A: A somatic hybrid is made from somatic cells whereas a hybrid is the result of fusion of gametes.…
Q: explain the symptoms of Robertsonian translocation?
A: Robertsonian translocation is a type of translocational chromosomal aberration in which acrocentric…
Q: How do you determine gene linkage?
A: Genes are the structural and functional units of heredity that carry coded genetic information in…
Q: What is mitotic recombination? A heterozygous individual (Bb)with brown eyes has one eye with a…
A: Mitosis is the process of somatic cell division. The union of the egg and sperm forms the zygote…
Q: To what do the four pairs of class sizes (very big, two intermediates, very small) correspond?
A: Class size is determined by the number of organisms belonging to that class. In genetics, a double…
Q: What is genetic linkage?
A: During the meiosis process of sexual reproduction, DNA sequences that are similar together on a…
Q: What is tandem and non tandem duplication?
A: A major mechanism by which new genetic material is produced during molecular evolution is gene…
Q: how Twin Spots Indicate Mosaicism Caused byMitotic Recombination?
A: Recombination is the mixing of the sequences present on the homologous chromosomes. The…
Q: Explain how interference affects the number of doublecrossovers?
A: Crossover is also called recombination in a genetic algorithm. It is basically a genetic operator…
Q: What is a linkage group? What is its relationship to a chromosome? How can one determine the number…
A: The chromosomes are a highly condensed structure that is located in the nucleus. The DNA is packed…
Q: Why is random assortment of chromosomes necessary? What can we expect if this does not occur?
A: When reproductive cells mature, the Principle of Independent Assortment outlines how various genes…
Q: What is a testcross, and why is it useful?
A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…
Q: What is the diagnostic test for linkage?
A: Chromosomes are the condensed form of DNA that carry all the genes. Genes are represented in the…
Q: How would you make a monoploid plantlet by starting with a diploid plant?
A: A Monoploid is an individual with one set of chromosomes and an individual with two set…
Q: What is linkage disequilibrium? How does it result in haplotypes?
A: Genetic linkage refers to the close association of genes chromosome that are located close to each…
Q: What are somatic hybridisation?
A: The term somatic refers to the type of cells present in the body of an organism. Cell is the…
Q: Distinguish between a translocation and an inversion.
A: Introduction Mutation: any changes in the sequence in the genetic material which leads to disorders…
Q: what are duplication heterozygotes
A: Duplication (Dp) is a chromosomal rearrangement that leads to an increase in the number of a…
Q: What is the recombination frequency?
A: Escherichia coli B is known to be the permissive strain for rII mutants since they permit the growth…
Q: What is recombinationfrequency?
A: A linkage map is a chromosomal map that indicates the genes of species and variously related…
Q: what is Unequal crossing-over between duplications ?
A: Crossing over is the process during which the non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair of…
Q: How mutant enzymes could cause variation in many phenotypictraits ?
A: The mutation is the sudden deleterious effects in the DNA sequences, they can arise when the DNA is…
Q: What is family pedigree studies ?
A: Family assessment tools are the tools used to gather information about an individual and their…
Q: Write a short on test-cross?
A: Gregor Johann Mendel was an Augustinian monk. He worked on garden pea for the genetic experiment and…
Q: What are some possible advantages to producing cultivated bananas that are polyploid? What might be…
A: Polyploid; poly means many and ploidy means set of chromosomes Thus, polyploidy is a condition in…
Q: To build a genetic map, how many types of crosses will be required to perform if you have three…
A: A genetic map is based on the concept of genetic linkage: the closer two markers are on a…
Q: Does the mechanism of recombination of unlinked genes require crossing-over? Explain your answer.
A: No, the mechanism of recombination of unlinked genes does not require crossing-over.
Q: What is the relationship between recombination frequency and a centiMorgan?
A: Introduction One gene/allele can affect the inheritance pattern of other gene present nearby on the…
Q: What is Robertsonian translocation Down syndrome?
A: Translocation is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it…
Q: What is somatic hybridization – Explain the steps involved in the production of somatic hybrids?
A: The somatic hybridization is the process of production of somatic hybrids. It involves protoplasm…
Q: How is a somatic hybrid different from a hybrid?
A: Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create required genotypes…
Q: What is nonhomologous recombination?
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: If two chromosomes of a species are the same length and have similar centromere placements and yet…
A: Chromosomes are carriers of genetic information. They are the physical units that transfer genetic…
Q: what are recombination nodules?
A: Recombination is the main mechanism by which variation is introduced into population. Genetic…
Q: What is monohybrid cross. Represent it in an example?
A: Mendel’s studies concluded the information by considering the outstanding examples of good…
Q: What is the difference between a paracentric and a pericentric inversion?
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Each…
Q: What is homologous recombination?
A: homologous recombination- It is the process of exchange of one DNA to the another
Q: What is heterozygous variant?
A: The term heterozygous variant belongs to a subdivision of biology, genetics. Genetics is the study…
Q: Why is emasculation done in the process of hybridization?
A: Emasculation is the process of removal of the male reproductive organs (anther) from bisexual flower…
Q: Which of the Pedigree diagrams below is most likely to show a family with Galactosemia?
A: Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disease which occurs due to mutation. In this condition the…
Q: Would the mutant strain have an advantage over the wild- type strain? Explain your answer
A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…
Q: What is heterosis? Discuss whether it is caused by a single geneor several genes. Discuss the two…
A: Since you have asked question with multiple sub-parts, we will answer the first three parts only for…
Q: How do you know if its parental or recombinant?
A: Parental and recombinant terms are used for gametes and offspring during reproduction. Offspring…
Q: What is the difference between these two. How would the karytotype look like
A: Karyotype is a total collection of the chromosomes of a organism. For suppose the karytope of humans…
Q: . In the designation of wheat genomes, how many chromosomes are represented by the letter B?
A: The cell is the most fundamental functional unit of life. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus,…
What is a contig? Explain how you would determine that two clones in a contig are overlapping.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- a) Are the genes linked? Please explain SPECIFICALLY how you can distinguish between linked and unlinked genes in this instance. b) If the two genes are linked, calculate the % recombination between ser and thr. Show the formula used, as well as all of your calculations. c) Draw a single map illustrating the arrangement of the two genes on the chromosome with respect to each other and to the centromere of the chromosome. Make sure to map ALL three distances.Two loci exhibit 5% recombination between them. How many map units apart are they?Could you have generated a chromosome map from the F2 progeny in cross 1 (assuming you crossed F1 males and females to each other to generate the F2)? What is the advantage of using cross 2 instead?
- In the example shown , what is the underlying cause of nonallelichomologous recombination?Imagine that you have done a cross between two strains of yeast, one of which has the genotype A B C and the other a b c, where the letters refer to three closely linked genes in the order given. You examine many tetrads resulting from this cross, and the two tetrads below are found that have atypical scoring patterns. In tetrad I, the spores are A B C, ABC, a B c, and a b c. In tetrad II, the spores are A B C, A b c, a b C, and a b c. Which tetrad or tetrads indicate(s) that gene conversion has occurred AND show(s) that recombination has occurred between genes A and C? O neither tetrads I and II O tetrad II O tetrad I O both tetrads I and IIPlease label the tetrad type in the table as PD (parental ditype), NPD (non parental ditype) or T (tetratype) and answer the following questions a) Are the genes linked? Please explain SPECIFICALLY how you can distinguish between linked and unlinked genes in this instance. b) If the two genes are linked, calculate the % recombination between ser and thr. Show the formula used, as well as all of your calculations. c) Draw a single map illustrating the arrangement of the two genes on the chromosome with respect to each other and to the centromere of the chromosome. Make sure to map ALL three distances
- A yeast geneticist irradiates haploid cells of a strain that is an adenine-requiring auxotrophic mutant, caused by mutation of the gene ade1. Millions of the irradiated cells are plated on minimal medium, and a small number of cells divide and produce prototrophic colonies. These colonies are crossed individually with a wildtype strain. Two types of results are obtained:(1) prototroph × wild type : progeny all prototrophic(2) prototroph × wild type : progeny 75% prototrophic, 25% adenine-requiring auxotrophsa. Explain the difference between these two types of results.b. Write the genotypes of the prototrophs in each case.c. What progeny phenotypes and ratios do you predict from crossing a prototroph of type 2 by the original ade1auxotroph?What is nonhomologous recombination?In tomato the mutant genes o (oblate=flattened fruit), p (peach=hairy fruit) and s (compound inflorescence) were found to be in chromosome 2. The test cross results are: 73 110 + 348 2 2 + 306 p 96 63 a) Construct the linkage map b) What are the genotypes of the homozygous parents used in making the F1 heterozygote? c) Compute for the coefficient of coincidence. O o O O +
- Alleles of genes A and B were analyzed in Neurospora according to the cross shown below. Ordered tetrads are summarized in each horizontal row with the number of tetrads in each category listed alongside. A) Analyze the data to determine the recombination frequency (RF) between A and B, along with any additional information that is available from this data. B) Draw a map of the chromosome or chromosomes with appropriate map distances. C) Use the Perkins formula to reanalyze any relationship between A and B.A yeast geneticist irradiates haploid cells of a strain thatis an adenine-requiring auxotrophic mutant, caused bymutation of the gene ade1. Millions of the irradiatedcells are plated on minimal medium, and a small number of cells divide and produce prototrophic colonies.These colonies are crossed individually with a wildtype strain. Two types of results are obtained:(1) prototroph × wild type : progeny all prototrophic(2) prototroph × wild type : progeny 75% prototrophic,25% adenine-requiring auxotrophsa. Explain the difference between these two types ofresults.b. Write the genotypes of the prototrophs in each case.c. What progeny phenotypes and ratios do you predictfrom crossing a prototroph of type 2 by the original ade1auxotroph?EC2. Here is a tetrad produced by mating a H Y strain to an h y strain. a) What is the tetrad type? b) What has recombined with what? EC3. In corn, a dihybrid for the recessive genes a and b is test-crossed. The distribution of the phenotypes is as follows: A B 122A b 118a B 81a b 79 a) Do the genes appear to be sorting independently? Look at map units here. b) Test your hypothesis with a chi-squared test.