Describes two ways that influenza virus changes every year , requiring development of new vaccines?

Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…

A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…

Q: What is the difference between an attenuated and inactivated vaccine?

A: Any foreign substance invading the body and having the capability of stimulating the immune response…

Q: Why are some vaccines more effective than others?

A: A vaccine is either a cell suspension or a by product secreted by a cell which is then introduced…

Q: List the targets of antiviral drugs and their modes of action. Whatis the strategy behind taking…

A: Virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that needs a living host for their replication. It causes…

Q: Do we need vaccines or not? Can you please fully explaine that yes or not and why giving biological…

A: Importance of vaccines

Q: Explain strategies for vaccine development; include in your answerthe primary drawbacks to…

A: Vaccines are preparations of whole pathogen or antigenic parts of the pathogen, which are…

Q: What is the mechanism behind the success of vaccines to eradicate or reduce infectious diseases such…

A: Vaccination refers to the process of immunizing individuals before they get infected with a disease.…

Q: Some health-care providers are understandably reluctant to treat unvaccinated patients. Do they have…

A: Vaccines are the protective sources of any disease. Vaccination is done universally for some…

Q: Effective vaccines have been developed against diseases such as hepatitis B,smallpox, polio,…

A: The agents which stimulate the immune system and provide protection against infections/diseases are…

Q: Briefly describe how the Salk and Sabin vaccines against poliovirus were generated.

A: Polio also known as poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the virus known as Polio…

Q: Explain the properties of a subunit vaccine. Also explain how these types of vaccines provide…

A: Subunit vaccines are a type of vaccines which contain only selected parts of antigens or purified…

Q: Compare and contrast the characteristics of attenuated and inactivated vaccines.

A: A vaccination is a biological substance that provides active acquired immunity to a certain…

Q: Vaccines have effectively prevented many viral diseases. Attempts over many years to develop an…

A: Introduction: vaccine a material that includes infectious organism antigenic components. It guards…

Q: Discuss the role of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases.

A:

Q: Describe retroviruses?

A: Viruses are tiny nonliving entities that infect a cell and take over its machinery to grow and…

Q: Why are vaccines important?

A: Vaccination could be a easy, safe, and effective manner of protective you against harmful diseases,…

Q: 04. Which vaccine is not administered to children known to have AIDS a) BCG b) OPV c) Measles d) All…

A: Public health interventions like vaccination prevent infectious diseases. It involves giving a…

Q: Discuss the major antigenic shifts of Influenza A

A: Influenza A is infectious disease of respiratory system caused by a virus known as influenza virusA…

Q: Which form of poliovirus vaccine is better at eliminatingviruses in the gastrointestinal tract?(a)…

A: Poliomyelitis or polio is an infectious medical condition caused by the poliovirus that mainly…

Q: Describe the difference between an mRNA vaccine and a conventional vaccine?

A: A quick, safe, and efficient method of preventing deadly infections before someone becomes ill is…

Q: Are some forms of vaccines safer than others?

A: The appearance of protected, compelling COVID-19 antibodies is a significant advancement in the…

Q: Compare and contrast antigenic drift and antigenic shift in influenza viruses.

A: Influenza virus is well known for its ability to change its genetic composition. Antigenic drift…

Q: What are the components of the yearly influenza vaccine?

A: Influenza vaccines are the vaccines that are produced to provide immunity against infections caused…

Q: Describe two advantages of an attenuated vaccine over an inacti­vated one.

A: Live vaccine are produced by reducing the virulence (disease causing capacity), whereas killed or…

Q: Define vaccine.

A: Immunity  It is the ability of body to fight infections. Types -  1) on the basis of source Natural…

Q: Why are mRNA vaccines more effective than conventional vaccines?

A: Introduction :- A vaccine is a preparation that stimulates the body's immunological response to…

Q: What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? List two such vaccines. State their advantages.

A: A vaccine is a preparation of killed or weakened or  a part of microbe (antigen) that is used to…

Q: Describe two advantages of an inactivated vaccine over an attenuated one.

A: There are numerous pathogens that are present in the environment that can potentially harm the body…

Q: Define the following types of vaccines and give at least two examples of each. Attenuated vaccines…

A: Vaccines are the substance prepared from non - living or living microbes and are introduced into…

Q: Why don't we give vaccines (at least some of the important ones) to infants immediately after they…

A: DTaP should be given to your child in 5 doses. The first dose should be given at two months, the…

Q: Explain why a new influenza vaccine is preparedeach year and consists of several components.

A: Influenza is commonly denoted as flu virus that infects birds and mammals that affect the lower and…

Q: _1. How many polar bodies will be produced by 32 primary oocytes considering that their meiosis II…

A: Male and female gametes (sperms and eggs) are created in the male and female gonads (testes and…

Q: Describe the preparation of killed vaccines; live, attenuatedvaccines;subunit vaccines; recombinant…

A: Vaccination is an immunization procedure in which a person develops immunity, particularly against a…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.