One advantage chemical signaling has over electrical signaling is thata. reaction to stimuli can happen very quickly.b. although it takes large amounts of chemicals, the chemical signals are efficient.c. chemical signals stick around longer than electrical signals and can be used for slow processes.d. chemical signals are used in response to external and internal stimuli.

Q: Cite some drugs how they mimic natural signal molecules.

A: Cell communication is one of the primary events through which all bodily functions are accomplished.…

Q: During cell signaling, binding of a ligand to the outside of a cell leads to:   A. A signal being…

A: In cell biology,  cell signaling is defined as the mechanism of receiving the signal, processing it…

Q: You find a monster that produces a hormone that uses standard G-protein receptor pathways to prepare…

A: G protein is a heteromeric protein made from three units, alpha, beta and gamma. When a ligand binds…

Q: chemical messengers that are synthesized in response to a local stimulus and diffuse to neighboring…

A: Chemical messengers are molecules that are produced by cells and tissues in order to communicate…

Q: What is the specific cause of hypertension (the communication breakdown at the molecular level):…

A: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterized by…

Q: A mutation in HER2 that causes receptor dimerization in the absence of signaling molecules. Would…

A: Answer - B. Increases proliferation HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is a gene it…

Q: what happens when an agonist, instead of the endogenous (natural) hormone binds to the hormone…

A: Option A is incorrect  Explanation:  Antagonist binds to the receptor of a natural hormone and…

Q: . Neural communication occurs through chemical messengers called neurotransmitters which send…

A: The structure, functioning, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes are all studied in genomics,…

Q: Cell signaling systems: A. autocrine      B. paracrine        C. endocrine      D. none among the…

A:

Q: If a cell were to have an unusually large response to cortisol, what effect would you expect to see?…

A: *Cortisol is  an  glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.…

Q: Which of the following is incorrect? a. Ka is the [ligand] when all the receptors have bound ligand…

A: Kd is dissociation constant that help in determining the affinity of receptor ligand binding. Higher…

Q: Which of the following exert their cell signaling ability by directly phosphorylating other…

A: Cell signaling is an integral aspect of a sophisticated communication system that affects cellular…

Q: Which of the following elements may be in the transduction part of cell signaling? Select one: a.…

A: Ans: Signal transduction: The process of transporting signal from cells exterior to the internal is…

Q: How does the binding of a hormone to a receptor activate a G-protein?     a. It replaces bound GDP…

A: G Protein Coupled Receptors These are also called metabotropic receptors or heptahelical…

Q: How does the function of an intracellular receptor differ from that of a membrane receptor? a. The…

A: The chemical structures composed of proteins that receive and transduce signals are called the…

Q: Peptide hormonesa. typically bind to receptors in the cytoplasm of a target cell.b. typically bind…

A: Peptide hormones are made up of amino acids. Amino acids have atleast one alpha-carboxylic group and…

Q: Which of the following is INCORRECT for hydrophobic signaling molecules? A. They usually consist of…

A: Signalling molecules are molecules that carry information between cells, tissues, and organs in…

Q: Amplification of a chemical signal occurs when?   a. phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase…

A: Receptors are usually proteins , which are present on the cell membrane, which binds to the ligand…

Q: Different cell-types can use the same receptor-type to detect a common hormone, which leads to the…

A: Hormones are small molecules that act as chemical messengers in the body. A small amount of hormone…

Q: If a signal activates an intermediate protein it would be considered______ of a protein? a.…

A: Cellular signalling is a complex system that allows cells to communicate with one another and…

Q: Transmitter release is dependent on the interaction between v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs. The interaction…

A: Introduction :- In molecular biology , the study of macro and micro molecules structures and their…

Q: The molecule that leads most directly to the release of internal stores of calcium in signal…

A: Ca2+ ions are used in calcium signalling, which is frequently a step in signal transduction, to…

Q: Second messengers amplify a hormone’s signal bya. increasing its production.b. stabilizing the…

A: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules; they pass through the plasma membrane of their target…

Q: The function of a kinase is to ______.     A. stimulate translation of DNand transcription of RNA…

A: ENZYME:- It is defined as a complex biological catalyst i.e produced by a living organism in its…

Q: The same signal can have different effects in different cells because there a. are different…

A: A similar sign can have various impacts in various cells in light of the fact that there  D) all of…

Q: Ligand-activated receptors should be ________ before they can bind DNA and activate transcription.…

A: The ligand- receptors are the proteinaceous substances which allows the binding of the ligands to…

Q: Drugs and other medicine uses the concept of signaling. Cite some drugs how they mimic natural…

A: There are a few important points :  Receptors : They are chemically protein and glycoprotein which…

Q: Steroid hormones a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. b. have a direct effect…

A: Steroid hormones belong to the class of chemical compounds called steroids; they are secreted by…

Q: The ArcB/ArcA is a two component system in E. coli. Based on what you learned about two component…

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Q: When a hormone binds to a nuclear receptora. DNA produces mRNA.b. G proteins are activated.c. the…

A: Introduction: The molecules binding with the receptor causes conformational alterations in the…

Q: Cell signaling systems: A. autocrine      B. paracrine        C. endocrine      D. none among the…

A: Cell signaling systems is a process of cell-cell communication via receiving the signal, processing…

Q: Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because ___________. a. the…

A: The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones…

Q: How does the signaling cascade initiated by activation of the Gas protein enter the nucleus to…

A: Signal transduction requires a receptor through which a ligand interacts and transmits its…

Q: The function of cAMP in a cell isa. to activate a G protein.b. to remove phosphate groups from…

A: cAMP or Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate is derived from adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) which results…

Q: example of endogenous substances that mediate or transmit noceiptive signaling include. A.…

A: The correct answer is:B. Substance P, CGRP, enkephalinSubstance P, CGRP, and enkephalin are all…

Q: When a signal molecule (hormone) binds at a G protein-coupled receptor, the G protein a. Binds with…

A: Inside cells, many complex signaling pathways take place with the binding of the signaling molecule…

Q: 14. Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are A. produced by the target cells…

A: Cell needs to interact with their environment and other cells around them. This is called cell…

Q: Cell signaling systems: A. autocrine      B. paracrine        C. endocrine      D. none among the…

A:

Q: Drugs and other medecine uses the concept of signaling. Cite some drugs how they mimic natural…

A: Many drugs mimic cell signalling molecules thereby stimulating cell function and compensate for…

Q: You are seeking a new anti-inflammatory drug to inhibit local responses to stress and injury. Which…

A: Option B, D, and E are incorrect because those activities will facilitate inflammation or increase…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.