Once an activated signaling pathway has elicited the proper changes in target gene expression, the pathway must be inactivated. Otherwise, pathological consequences may result, as exemplified by persistent growth factor initiated signaling in many cancers. Many signaling pathways possess intrinsic negative feedback by which a downstream event in a pathway turns off an upstream event. Describe the negative feedback that down-regulates signals induced by (a) erythropoietin and (b) TGF-β.

Q: 1. Illustrate the Life cycle of each of the organ- dwelling trematodes. (1 liver fluke, 1 intestinal...

A: Note: To illustrate life cycle of each of these will become very long, so request you to repost the ...

Q: Match the picture of the cell with its meiotic stage. Each answer choice is used once and only once....

A: Meiosis is a reductional division. It produces half chromosomes bearing daughter cells as compared t...

Q: a. 8 b. 23 c. 1024 d. 8,000,000 e. 46 32. Rosalind Franklin d. sequenced DNA molecules. D. establish...

A: Cell cycle, Interphase - G1, S phase , G2 phase  Mitosis Cytokinesis. Mitosis has 4 phases , they ...

Q: Meiosis: Events Put the letter of each meiotic stage next to the correct event. Use each answer choi...

A: Meiosis is a sort of cell division that redices the quantity of chromosomes in the parent cell by ha...

Q: is the protein produced by S. aureus that causes od to release attractants. PLV kills which release ...

A: surface proteins that are covalently attached to peptidoglycan, which are known as cell wall-anchore...

Q: Consider a human lover cell vs a cheek cell: Explain whether the following components are identical/...

A: Introduction: Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messeng...

Q: Why might this be stable while the variation with only sheep and wolves is not?

A: Net logo could be a multi-agent programmable modeling environment. Its utiluized by many thousands o...

Q: 4. Put the following steps of the ELISA assay in order (Write the numbers 1-4 in the blank): Add Ant...

A: Introduction: ELISA stands for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It is a commonly used laboratory t...

Q: In a populationof manatees, short whiskers are recessive to long whiskers. There are estimated to be...

A: The ideal population is found in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The population is not facing any migrat...

Q: Give at least two other examples of samples that are best prepared using Smear Preparation Technique...

A: Smear preparation technique: it is used to fix the samples onto the slides. 

Q: 7. The beoads on a string in the picture represent what in terms OE DRA 20lding? "Beads on a string"...

A: Template strand is also known as sense strand. This is actively involved in transcription. The compl...

Q: Find and match the scientific names of the organisms’ common names using the following key (picture ...

A: Scientific names of these organisms using the key are given below 

Q: Examine the following coding strand DNA nucleotide sequence,representing the complete gene sequence ...

A: Note: As per Bartleby Guidelines For Remaining Answers Please Repost The Question. Introduction: A p...

Q: 32- For dead animals, we find their muscles are stiff because: a- A disorder of sliding actin b- Lea...

A: Muscles  They are soft tissue of the body. They cover the bones and help is movement.  

Q: True or false? Inbreeding can increase the frequency ofa harmful allele in a population’s gene pool

A: Inbreeding is a process in which two closely related organisms which are related through common ance...

Q: In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant over white flowers (p).  If a homozygous dominant pla...

A: In the F1 age the white pea blossom was "covered", which brought about the presence of every single ...

Q: How is the early diagnosis of genetic diseases usually done?

A: Introduction: Genetic diseases are caused by genetic abnormality i.e. absence of one or more gene/ p...

Q: 31- which of the following is not always a component of a reflex arc: a- effector organ C- CNS b- af...

A: Reflex action is involuntary movement in response to stimulus. Reflex arc is a neural pathway.  

Q: Changes in muscle structure ODevelopment of new and usable vestigial structures Evolved differently ...

A: Evolution is a orderly change in the condition of organisms from one life form to another over milli...

Q: A. The influx of Na+ into the cell C. Removing the myline sheath. B. By the influx of Cl ions into t...

A: Cells constitute all the organs and the organ systems of the body. These systems are involved in the...

Q: If we could prevent wastes from flowing from the Chesapeake Bay into the Atlantic Ocean, it would he...

A: Water pollution is the pollution of streams, rivers, lakes, seas, or groundwater by pollutants emitt...

Q: Why are recombinant DNA technology and nucleus transplantation technology still dangerous?

A: Recombinant DNA technology It refers to the combination of DNA molecules from two different species....

Q: processes involved in

A:

Q: Describe why primitive animals are primarily marine

A: The first life on Earth was observed in water, billions of years ago. Primitive organisms are the sm...

Q: Compare and contrast Replication of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A: Definition: - PROKARYOTES: - Prokaryote i s amicroscopic snigle celled organism which has niether a ...

Q: Describe the function of the PTEN phosphatase in the PI-3 kinase signaling pathway. Why does a loss-...

A: The PTEN gene encodes phosphatase and tensin homolog, which is a phosphatase in humans. and is a cla...

Q: Discuss the following: Lysogeny establishment in bacteriophage lambda Lysogeny mentainance in bacte...

A: This phenomena is first elaborated and explained by French biologist André Lwoff in the early 1950s....

Q: What does it suggest when the cell has a lot of intricate Smooth ER?

A: There are two types of the endoplasmic reticulum.  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) Rough endopla...

Q: Restriction mapping of the delta chromosome I need help with question two please

A: the mean size is close to 4000 bp. DNA fragments of this length are useful in the lab, since theylon...

Q: Beta turn (B-turn) Type I and I' are shown below. The type of turn shown in the beta-hairpin structu...

A: Beta turns occurs when 2 anti parallel β - strands come together. 

Q: How does population size affect genetic diversity? Cite one example.

A:    INTRODUCTION       Genetic diversity is defined as a diet of different types of hereditary featur...

Q: Consider a human lover cell vs a cheek cell: Explain whether the following components are identical/...

A: Introduction: Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messeng...

Q: Total Number of Amino Acids Different from Human Cytochrome c Chicken - 7 Pig - 6 Horse - 7 Dog ...

A: Introduction: Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is a protein that is most typically found in higher species, and ...

Q: Which of the following is true about lafge receptive fields? O Many primary sensory neurons converge...

A: The zone associated with sensory periphery where inputs can impact the sensory cells' electrical act...

Q: 13. The repeating unit a. in human DNA telOmeres is TTTCAT b. in humon DNA telomeres is TTACGG c. in...

A:

Q: s evolution important to all living things, and why do we need to adapt to the ever-changing conditi...

A:

Q: Explain how some brain functions differ between the left and right hemispheres.

A: The brain is a complicated and labor-intensive organ. Depending on their interests and skills, peopl...

Q: 11.The critical decision point at which a cell determines its fate at the end of the G1 phase of the...

A: 11. ANSWER;- d).Restriction point. Explain;- The restriction point (R), otherwise called the Start ...

Q: In the following graph, curve (line) N represents a vascular function curve (venous return curve) in...

A: Introduction :- Venous return is the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and ...

Q: Are there similarities between the DNA replication bubbles and the transcription bubbles found in eu...

A: Yes, there are similarities between the DNA replication bubbles and the transcription bubbles found ...

Q: Which of the following is true about lafge receptive fields? O Many primary sensory neurons converge...

A: The term receptive field is given by neurophysiologist Sherrington in the year 1906. The body parts ...

Q: 15- the membrane potential if the [Na+] outside, inside = A. (+) B. (-) C. (+) D. (+)

A: Depolarization occurs when sodium ions enter inside the cell. This changes the membrane potential.  

Q: What factors may affect an individual’s response to a toxic substance? Why is chronic exposure to to...

A: Exposure to chemicals of any sort can be hazardous. In general, The toxic chemical can enter the bod...

Q: . The following data represent the base compositions of double-stranded DNA from two different bacte...

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA (deoxyri...

Q: mpare and contrast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to DNA replication

A: The naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules ...

Q: Use examples to describe some patterns of macroevolution.

A: Macroevolution can be defined as the evolution of the larger organism as compared to the original or...

Q: Describe TWO potential solutions to climate change.

A: Climate change can be defined as a phenomenon;in which there is  long term alterations occur in an a...

Q: The best way to improve your capacity to run is to train by       Running   Swimming   Kayaking ...

A: Running  Helps burn calories and and maintain the tone of the lower body and is good for cardio vas...

Q: Background Layout- Theme Transition 1... 2 3 LI 4 I5 1 lII 6 I7 I 9 I. The image shows the blastula ...

A: To study on mitosis, scientists frequently check specific cells. The whitefish organism is a decent ...

Q: What are the penetrance and the expressivity of a gene?

A: In some cases, individuals who have the same genotype do not display the same phenotype in exactly t...

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.