Nonmechanical properties refer to characteristics of the material, other than load response, that affect selection, use, and performance. There are several types of properties that are of interest to engineers, but those of the greatest concern to civil engineers are density, thermal properties, and surface characteristics.

3. An aluminum material element experiences a state of plane stress with the magnitudes and directions of the stress components given in the figure. Please calculate the change in volume per unit volume this material element would experience when subjected to the stress state given in the image below and a temperature increase of 80°C. (Note that the dotted horizontal line and 15 degree angle are irrelevant to this problem). Aluminum Properties: Thermal Coefficient of Expansion = 24 x 10-6 mm/mm/°C, Elastic Modulus = 69 GPa, Poisson Ratio = 0.35 250 MPa 60 MPa 15° 150 MPa