Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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42-54 nucleotides per second in bacteria (Dennis &
Bremer, 1974), while eukaryotes proceed at a much slower
pace of approximately 22-25 nucleotides per second.
Is it because of the origin of replication and their different numbers
Q. What might be a reason for that
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- Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?arrow_forwardHuman Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?arrow_forwardHow does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.arrow_forward
- Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which the joining of Okazaki fragments is impaired and suspect that a mutation has occurred in an enzyme found at the replication fork. Which enzyme is most likely to be mutated?arrow_forwardWhat Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome c. Proteome d. Metabolome e. Fluxomearrow_forwardTranscribe and translate the following DNA sequence (nontemplate strand): 5’-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3’arrow_forward
- How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and Crick’s double-helix model? They demonstrated that each strand serves as a template tor synthesizing a new strand of DNA They showed that the DNA strands break and recombine without losing genetic material They proved that DNA maintains a doublehelix structure while undergoing semiconservative replication They demonstrated that conservative replication maintains the complementary base pairing of each DNA helix.arrow_forwardMultiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.arrow_forwardExplain the events taking place at the replication fork. If the gene for helicase is mutated, what part of replication will be affected?arrow_forward
- Discuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a small DNA sample from a crime scene. In order to examine the sample, he increased its quantity by cycling the sample through the polymerase chain reaction. He estimated that there were 50,000 copies of the DNA in his original sample. Derive a simple formula and calculate the number of copies he will have after15 cycles of the PCR.arrow_forwardState the properties of the WatsonCrick model of DNA in the following categories: a. number of polynucleotide chains b. polarity (running in same direction or opposite directions) c. bases on interior or exterior of molecule d. sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e. which bases pair with which f. right- or left-handed helixarrow_forwardExplain in your own words why DNA replication is said to be semiconservative?arrow_forward
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