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Give two examples of DNA sequences that can be found in numerous copies in a genome.
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- Explain why the overlap between individual DNA sequences is required to reconstruct the sequence of a genome.Identify which regions of DNA encode the protein sequence. Consider that there may be introns (which often start with sequence GU and end with the sequence AG).Consider a genome whose length is 1000 bp. "Shotgun" sequencing techniques are applied to the genome, resulting in 20 reads, with an average length of 50 bp. A very important point is that, even though 20×50 = 1000, there is no guarantee that ALL 1000 bp of the genome are represented in the fragments. Calculate the coverage. What does this value mean? Why would it be a good idea to have a coverage greater than 1?
- With a few exceptions, interspersed repetitive DNA in the human genome has no known biological function. Explain in a few sentences what interspersed means. Name and describe one interspersed repetitive element. Provide information on about how much of the human genome consists of this one repetitive element (copy number and/or percent of genome).Describe the characteristics of highly repetitive DNA sequences.In genomes the potential duplicate/paralog share the same annotation but have lower sequence similiarity. Discuss what could have caused this difference and its possible driver.
- Suppose that a nearly perfect 20- basepair inverted repeat is observed in a DNA sequence. Provide two possible explanations.List the four types of noncoding DNA (see Section 27.2). Give the function of each, if it is known.The image below shows the base cytosine and a methylated form of cytosine that occurs frequently in the human genome. Use your knowledge of DNA structure to answer the following question: a) Does methylation of cytosine affect its ability to base-pair with guanine? Explain b) Could methylation of cytosine affect the binding of a protein that interacts with a C-G base-pair in the major groove? Explain your answer.
- E. How many nucleotides would be required to generate a polypeptide that is 15 amino acids long? This requires knowing how many nucleotides of DNA code for one amino acid. F. Assuming that there are between 20,000-25,000 genes in the human genome, do you think there are 1) fewer, 2) approximately the same number, or 3) more proteins in the human genome? Explain your answer.Explain symmetrical and rotational summetry types of palindrome sequences in DNAIn addition to the standard base-paired helical structures, DNA can form X-shaped hairpin structures called cruciforms in which most bases are involved in Watson–Crick pairs. Such structures tend to occur at sequences with inverted repeats. Draw the cruciform structure formed by the DNA sequence TCAAGTCCACGGTGGACTTGC.