NAD+ NADH + H* NAD* NADH + H* ܘ H CH3-CH2-OH - ADH » CH3-C=O - ALDH » CH3-C-OH Ethanol Acetaldehyde Acetate
Q: Identify the pictured nucleotide NH₂ N O 11 HO-P-O. OH N HO OH to O Uracil monophosphate O…
A: Nucleotides are composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogen base and one or more phosphate groups.…
Q: B. Carbohydrate Reaction D-Talose is a C2 epimer of D-galactose. Using the Fischer projection…
A: Kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to its substrate. A C3 kinase…
Q: The Lineweaver-Burke plot was originally developed in order to "linearize" the data obtained from…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: Use the pka values, calculate the isoelectric point (pl) of the following amino acids. a) Leucine b)…
A:
Q: 1/1* Consider the structure below. Which of the following structures are not expected to be found in…
A: The structure given in the question is an anti-bacterial drug named Prontosil. It undergoes…
Q: Give the names of both non-polar amino acids shown in the image Complex I is Comples It is I COO- T…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and…
Q: How would you make THC-analogue that contains a C9 chain instead of the C5 chain? (answer only with…
A: In order to decipher how to make a THC analogue with a C9 chain, we need to know how a normal THC…
Q: good leaving group poor leaving group three four five exygen sulfur imine amide Cysteine can react…
A: The semiessential proteinogenic amino acid cysteine (symbol Cys) has the formula…
Q: Part A Consider the proposed mechanism of an acid catalyzed aldol reaction. Mark with the green…
A: Biochemistry is branch of chemistry in which we study about various chemical and biochemical…
Q: The original DNA sequence was CCGGAATT. It was replicated. Which of these newly replicated DNA…
A: DNA is deoxy ribo nucleic acid which copies itself by a process called replication. This helps in…
Q: Consider the mechanism of enolase, as indicated below. Which of the following correctly describes…
A: Before going into the solution, we should know what general base and general acid species are in…
Q: Enter the product of this Schiff base formation reaction: OH OH OPO3²- OH where R. represents…
A: Schiff bases are compunds with a double bond between a carbon and a nitrogen atom.
Q: On the paper provided, draw the chemical structure of a peptide with a sequence LEMD at pH 7. The…
A: Here, we are given the peptide LEMD. There are 4 ionizable groups in the peptide. They…
Q: 4. Two common buffers in biological research are PBS and TBS. What are the compositions of these…
A: Hello! Thank you for the question. Due to time constraints, we will be able to provide the solution…
Q: 13. What was the old-fashioned, traditional test to determine carbohydrate composition, which…
A: There are four classes of biological macromolecules: nucleic acid, proteins, lipids and…
Q: Using the graph paper provided, plot the velocity of the reaction (v) against the concentration of…
A: Michaelis Menten (MM) plot has [S] as X-axis and V as Y-axis. Here we are given the 1/[S] and 1/V…
Q: Draw the structure of malibiose a sugar found in plants and answer the following question: a) What…
A: Melibiose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharide units: glucose and galactose. The linkage…
Q: Electrostatic interactions among amino acid residues on proteins may be damped out by high…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group and a…
Q: 1. Below are two isomers of mannose. Classify this sugar based on sugar number. Is this sugar an…
A: The question is related to the D and L configurations of sugars.D-configuration: If the hydroxy…
Q: What is the Vmax of an enzyme at 1 µM with an activation free energy (AG*) of 55000 J/mol at 298K?…
A: Catalytic efficiency of enzymatic reaction (turnover)K values tell the speed or rate with which a…
Q: D-galactose (Figure 2) reacts with methanol. Edit the structure of D-galactose drawn below to create…
A: Carbohydrates such as monosaccharides reacts with methanol in the presence of an acid to form acetal…
Q: 8. Use carbon oxidation number to help balance the following reaction with NADH and NAD. Clearly…
A: To balance the reaction with NADH and NAD, we make sure that the number of electrons transferred is…
Q: Answer the following using the structure: a. Is this a purine or pyrimidine? b. Is this a…
A: Deoxyribose and ribose are aldopentoses which after phosphorylation form deoxyribonucleotide and…
Q: Which of the following is true? Please select all the descriptions that are true. The proton-motive…
A: The proton motive force is the inherent potential energy in the protons of Inter Membrane Space…
Q: The complete oxidation of a biomolecule is noted to have a AG°¹ of -543 kcal/mol for the overall…
A:
Q: When substrate concentration [S] << Km, the rate of an enzymatic reaction is increased by A.…
A: In enzymology, the substrate concentration at which an enzyme operates at half of its maximal…
Q: Calculate AG for the reaction G + H I + J when [G] = 0.0132 mM, [H] = 35.1 uM, [1] = 55.6 uM, [J]…
A: Since conditions inside the cell are different than standard temperature and pressure, biochemists…
Q: Which statement concerning lipid ctions is O a. Steroid hormones act as messenger molecules and…
A: Lipids, hydrophobic organic molecules, serve vital roles in living organisms. Triacylglycerols store…
Q: acetyl CoA
A: Acetyl CoA is a central metabolite that plays important roles in energy production as well as…
Q: Part A Consider the structure of glucose: H-C=O Submit Request Answer -OH H- HO- -H H- H -OH -OH OH…
A: Glucose, a fundamental building block of carbohydrates, is a simple sugar molecule with a profound…
Q: ?What is the unique feature of the collagen helix compared to the a helix Hydrophobic interactions a…
A: There are four classes of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids,…
Q: EF-G is a macromolecular mimic of EF-tu. It's role in translation is to To cause the large subunit…
A: Translation is the synthesis of the protein from m RNA. There are various initiation and elongation…
Q: What is incorrect in the diagram shown below? Halla COA Thiolysis H₂C CoA + Acetyl CoA عمله H₂C COA…
A: The beta-oxidation cycle is generally composed of 4 steps. The fourth and final step of the cycle is…
Q: In a Lineweaver-Burk graph, the place where the line crosses the Y-axis represents: a) Km b)…
A: The Lineweaver-Burk plot is a graphical representation of the Michaelis-Menten equation of enzyme…
Q: If aspartate is labeled with deuterium D (= H-2 = 12H), answer questions a-c to determine where the…
A: The objective of the question is to determine the position of the deuterium label in oxaloacetate…
Q: Give the names of both non-polar amino acids shown in the image Complex I is Comples i is I COO- I…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: 8. 8. Metabolite name: 9. Metabolite name: 10. Metabolite name: 9. NADH NAD+ Glutamate…
A: The mitochondrial matrix undergoes a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed events known as the Krebs cycle,…
Q: Predict the most likely product of this biochemical reaction: HO NH3 + Pi X + H₂O
A: Here we are given a phosphorylation reaction. The phosphate donor here is inorganic phosphate (Pi).…
Q: Consider the structure below, and select all of the features that apply. (This is a "multi-select"…
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They can be classified as monosaccharides,…
Q: 1. Label the ALPHA-Carbon, AMINO Group, CARBOXYL Group, and AMINO Side Chain of the following amino…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have a hydrogen, an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the…
Q: In a hypothetical situation, hydrogen sulfide is an additional electron carrier in the ETC.…
A: One of the most important steps in aerobic cellular respiration involves the Electron Transport…
Q: Bovine insulin is composed of two polypeptide chains that are linked together covalently. The two…
A: The peptide hormone known as insulin is generated by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and is…
Q: What is the difference between range and threshold?
A: In biochemistry, the terms threshold and range are often used , but they have distinct…
Q: A reaction with a free energy of hydrolysis can be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi.
A: ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. It is known as the energy currency of the cell. The…
Q: Using proper convention, provide the amino acid sequence for the following peptide. O H3N-CH-C- CH₂…
A: For a protein, its primary structure refers to its amino acid sequence. As per the general rule, the…
Q: Predict the missing reactant of this biochemical reaction: X + Pi O || -P-O + H₂O
A: Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule. A molecule is often…
Q: Binding of acetylcholine to postsynaptic membranes increases the conductance of Na+ into the cell.…
A: The question is asking us to identify the type of transport mechanism that is involved when…
Q: What is the role of his119 in the RNase-catalyzed hydrolysis of RNA, as indicated in the Figure…
A: Enzyme are proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. The substrate binds to active site of the…
Q: 1. What happens to electrons in an oxidation reaction? Electrons are shared equally. Electrons are…
A: Note: since you have posted multiple questions we will solve first three questions for you as per…
Please answer the following answer:
Ethanol
Excess consumption of ethanol leads to the accumulation of NADH. What effect would a high concentration of NADH have on metabolic pathways and consequently the body. Choose as least two pathways to describe the effect.
AI-generated content may present inaccurate or offensive content that does not represent bartleby’s views.
Unlock instant AI solutions
Tap the button
to generate a solution
Click the button to generate
a solution
- H H H-C-OH CH-Q HOOHH H OH Glucose H-C=O H-C-H H H-C=0 ATP ADP H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH Н Pyruvate OH Hexokinase ATP ADP IVE pyruvate kinase H-C-O-P-0 Glucose 6-phosphate (PEP) GLYCOLYSIS H-C-O-P=O H-C-OHO-H-C-OHO kinase isomerase но Phosphoenolpyruvate H-C-OH ÇO ATP ADP HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H Phosphofructo H-C-OH aldose H-C-OHỌ H-C-O-P-0 HO Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate H-C-O-P=O H 6- Fructose 6-phosphate H H-C-O-P=O C=O 6- Fructose bisphosphate H-C-OHO ATP 9 H H-C-O-PO C=O o- HO-C-H Dihydroxyacetone phosphate H ADP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2X Triose phosphate isomerase H c=0 H-C-OHO H-C-O-PO 3-phosphate Hỏ NAD + P NADH+H* -O-P=O Ó c=0 Glyceraldehyde N H-C-O-P-O Enolase H-OHO phosphoglycerates-C-O-P-0 phosphoglycerate HC-OHO kinase H H-C-O-P=O Ĥ 6- 2-Phosphoglycerate 3-Phosphoglycerate 1,3-BisphosphoglycerateWhich of the compounds shown below exhibit a high negative free energy of hydrolysis equal to or larger than the free energy of hydrolysis for the phosphoanhydride of ATP? (Choose all that apply) В Α HPΗ Ho HO HO H2N-CH-C CH2 H2N-CH-C CH2 CH2 H2N-CH-Ö CH2 C CH2 D E O A O B O E O=p-00 O=p-00 O=-00 O=0-00 O=L-00Match each of the enzymes involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis with the correct description: _______ Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase _______ UMP synthase_______ Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II _______ TMP synthase _______ CTP synthetase_______ Aspartate transcarbamoylase _______ PRPP synthetase (A) attaches an aspartate to an activated carbamoyl molecule(B) bifunctional enzyme that combines a nitrogenase pyrimidine ring to an activated ribose(C) catalyzes the formation of the activated ribose sugar(D) uses glutamine to add an amine to a preformed nucleotide(E) produces the first cyclic nitrogenase ring during de novo pyrimidine synthesis(F) combines bicarbonate and nitrogen from glutamine in the first step of pyrimidine ring synthesis (G) uses a folate derivative to add a methyl group to a preformed nucleotide
- The enzyme is considered to be alan * ÇOO ÇOO Lactate dehydrogenase HO-C-H+ NAD C=0 + NADH + H CH: Pyruvate Lactate O Oxydoreductase O Isomerase O Hydrolase O Ligase O DehydrataseQUESTION 3 Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms to remove toxic substances; such as, mercury, radioactive material, industrial waste, and the petroleum products of oil spills from the water and soil in our environment. Here is a figure that shows the bacterial degradation of the poly-aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene. In this figure showing the catabolic metabolism of naphthalene, would you predict the metabolites catechol, salicylate, and gentisate generated in this process to (select one): Proposed catabolic pathways of naphthalene by bacteria 1,2-Naphthoquinone Coumarin Catechol OH OHL 35-8-8-8-8 OH OH Naphthalene cis-1,2-Dihydroxy- 1,2-dihydronaphthalene 1,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene O COOH OH 2-Hydroxy-2H-chromene- 2-carboxylic acid cis-o-Hydroxybenzalpyruvate COOH 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde OH Gentisate COOHComplete the balanced equation for the overall reaction. Select answer choice in between brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+
- Arrange the following order of chemical events of how ribulose reacts in the light independent reaction of photosynthesis starting from ribulose. Fructose 6-phosphate + PGAL Ribulose 5-phosphate Ribulose 1-5 biphosphate Fructose 6-phosphoglyceraldehyde + PGAL Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 1,3-biphosphoglyceric acid 3-phosphoglyceric acid Fructose 1,6-biphosphate + PGAL RibuloseGlutamate is derived from which of the following molecules? oxaloacetate pyruvate O 3-phosphoglycerate chorismate O a-ketoglutarateHis388 Glu357 His388 Glu357 Ring opening Proton HO HO abstraction HO но- G6P He NH- NH His388 His388 His388 Glu357 Glu357 Glu357 HO но HO но- но OH cis-enediol F6P Ring closure intermediate OH Describe the mechanism shown above for phosphoglucose isomerase. Describe the chemistry of each step • How the enzyme appears or might facilitate the chemistry How the enzyme increases the reaction rate.
- Indicate the general type of enzyme that mediates each glycolysis reaction depicted below. (e.g. Transferase, Oxidoreductase, Kinase, Hydrolase, Lyase, or Isomerase) iii. O H Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate H-C-OH + NAD CH₂O-P + P₁ H-O- -C-H Glucose →→ Glucose-6-phosphate H b 0 OH HO OH H-C- 0 -H HO- H ОН H-C-OH + NADH +H+ CH₂O P P ATP ADP 1 H (P-O- -C- H H HO OH 2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate 0 OH H ОН -O~(P) + HOHHO-C-CH,-CH,~ Identify the enzyme needed in each of the following reactions as an isomerase, a decarboxylase, a dehydrogenase, a protease, or a phosphatase. о CH;-C-Č-OH → CH;-Č–H + CO, СНО CH,OH НС—ОН C=0 HO-CH — НО -СН НС—ОН НС—ОН HO-CH Но -СH CH-OPO,?- ČH-OPO,- Но -С—СН,—CH, —С—ОН — Но -С—СН—СH-С-ОН + 2Н H;N-CH-C-NH-CH-CO0 +H;O → CH; ČH3 2 H;N-CH-CO0- ČH3CH,-C-CoA + H,0 Acetyl-CoA CoA Çoo CH, но-с-соо čoo CH, Citrate coo Oxaloacetate NADH çoo CH-OH CH, CH, сн-соо NAD Malate HO-C-H Coo Isocitrate CoO NAD çoo NADH • H • Co, CH HC Fumarate čoo a-ketoglutarate CH, FADH, CH, NAD + COA FAD c=o NADH • H CO0 Succinate Coo • co, CH, GTP + COA CH, Succinyl-CoA GOP • P, Coo COA Given the ultimate purpose of the citric acid cycle it is likely that the following would be negative regulators of this cycle. A. NADH and NAD* В. NAD* and AMP ATP and NADH C. ADP and NAD* D. ADP and NADH Е.
