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The most basic type of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, or "simple sugars." They are made up of just one sugar molecule and are not capable of hydrolyzing any more. Monosaccharides function as the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates and are vital sources of energy for living things. Glucose, fructose, and ribose are common examples; they all have unique chemical structures and roles in biological processes. Monosaccharides are categorised according to the type of functional group (aldose or ketose) and number of carbons they contain (triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, etc.). They can have linear or ring structures. These molecules are essential for many biological functions, including as energy storage, cellular respiration, and the maintenance of an organism's structural integrity.
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