Monosaccharides can be chemically modified by a variety of reactions. Aldoses can be by Tollen's reagent or Benedict's reagent. Monosaccarides can react with carboxylic acids, phosphoric acid, or sulfuric acid to form The hydroxyl group on carbon two can be replaced with a group to form sugars.

Modify the mannose structures provided to show the structure of a disaccharide formed from two mannose units joined by a 1. →>> • 6-B-glycosidic linkage. Снон Н Он H Он H Н ОН Он ОН Он Он H Он H H H Н Н

You find a novel monosaccharide that contains 4 carbons, with a carbonyl group present at carbon 1 (ie. the first carbon). How should you classify this monosaccharide? O ketopentose Oketotetrose O aldopentose Oaldotriose O ketotriose aldotetrose

Explain in detail the condensation reactions to form Maltose and Sucrose from their monosaccharides.

Which are pairs of diasteriomers?

Name all the sugars (monomers) incorporated in cellulose, starch, and glycogen.

What are the glycosidic linkages of the trisaccharide shown?     α1→6, α1→6     α1→6, β1→6     α1→6, β1→5     α1→6, α1→5

Copper ions present in Benedict’s reagent react with the free end of any reducing sugars, such as glucose, when heated. Originally blue in color, these copper ions are reduced by the sugar and produce an orange-red colored precipitate. Alternatively, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) may also be used when working with starch. IKI contains special tri-iodine ions which interact with the coiled structure of a starch polymer. Prior to a reaction, the IKI displays a yellow-brown color; however, after reacting with starch, a dark purple or black color is presented. The molecule pictured below produced a blue color when tested with Benedict’s reagent, a yellow color when tested with IKI, and a violet color when tested with Biuret reagent. Based on the structure shown below and these chemical results, what kind of biomolecule is this?

Although the first two carbons of fructose and glucose are identical in structure to DHAP and GADP (from glycolysis), DHAP and GADP equilibriate on their in solution to favor the ketone over the aldehyde, while fructose and glucose do not.  Why? a)The larger size of the molecule sterically hinders the isomerization b)The larger sugars have more OH groups which hydrogen bond and disrupt isomerization c)The larger sugars cyclize, and there is no carbonyl to isomerize in the cyclic form d)The larger sugars cyclize, and in the cyclic form the hydrogen bonding is very strong e)The larger sugars are less soluble in water than the smaller sugars

Consider the disaccharide maltose. сон H -= H OH OH Part 1 of 2 д- CH₂OH H H H он Н Н д- ОН Н Он Н Он Classify the glycosidic linkage as a or ẞ. Select the single best answer. α В Part: 1/2 Part 2 of 2 Modify the structure of maltose to show the monosaccharide products that form from hydrolysis. You may draw the structures in any arrangement th you like, so long as they aren't touching. Н он Снон Н -= Он Н снон Н H H Он Н д- Н он -= Н Он H Он