Monetary policy and the Phillips curve The following graph shows the current short-run Phillips curve for a hypothetical economy; the point on the graph shows the initial unemployment rate and inflation rate. Assume that the economy is currently in long-run equilibrium.   Suppose the central bank of the hypothetical economy decides to decrease the money supply. On the following graph, shift the curve or drag the blue point along the curve, or do

What Can the Fed Do about Inflation? In the article by Thomas Hogan, we learn that Russia's invasion of the Ukraine nor the shortage or supply chain issues has not derived the main causes of inflation. (Hogan, 2022) The main cause for the issues that we have been facing come directly from the constant price changes and the monetary policy that is currently in place.  We learn that with Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has not adjusted their monetary policy, and have been raising the rates in such small increments that is causing the inflation to continue in an upward trend. What needs to occur is the FOMC needs to raise interest rates in greater scales in order the combat the inflation that is taking place and stabilize the price levels that are out there. (Hogan, 2022) What needs occur is that the Fed needs to come up with a policy that will allow for a predetermined path that slows down and regulating the money growth back to a safe place.    Having the guidance from the article…

Policies and Policymakers “Bank Indonesia (BI) has emphasized that it will not print money to help fund the surge in government spending to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. BI Governor Perry Warjiyo said the suggestion to print money was not a prudent monetary policy, pledging that the central bank would never take the measure. “This is an unusual policy and BI will never take such measures, including giving out money to the general public to face the COVID-19 pandemic,” Perry told reporters on Wednesday. “I am very sorry, but we should not confuse the public.”” -The Jakarta Post Why did BI decide on the prudent policy, which is to not to print money despite the fear of economic recession due to Covid-19 pandemic? What are other policy options for a central bank during the crisis?

The United States Federal Reserve has two mandates when setting monetary policy - keep annual inflation low (around 2-3%) and the unemployment rate low (around 5%).  Typically, efforts to adjust the money supply to cause inflation to decrease causes unemployment to increase and vice versa. Now, imagine a situation where the United States faces high inflation and high unemployment (called stagflation, was issue in late 1970s).  What do you think the Federal Reserve should do in this situation?

As a response to high inflation, in March 2022, the Federal Reserve System (Fed) approved its first interest rate hike since December 2018. However, inflation rate still remained very high and piked in June 2022. The last time inflation ran that high was in the 1980s. To bring down inflation, the Fed implemented more restrictive monetary policy and approved another interest rate hike of 0.75 percent in November 2022. The Fed decided to maintain the federal funds rate at a target level of 4%. What the Fed need do to achieve a higher target federal funds rate (how to implement monetary policy)? If CPI increased from 287.7 in the 2nd quarter (Q2) 2022 to 298.1 in the 3rd (Q3) 2022. Using CPI-based inflation rate, how much is real interest rate if the Fed sets nominal interest rate at 4%. Note: we assume velocity of money supply is constant.

Suppose the economy is currently in equilibrium, with unemployment equal to the natural rate, and that people form expectations rationally. If the Federal Reserve announces that it is going to decrease the money supply, then: the economy will move to a lower price level but remain at potential GDP. the economy will permanently move to a higher level of output and a higher price level. the economy will permanently move to a lower level of output and a lower price level. the economy will move to a higher GDP level but remain at a constant price level.

"According to Keynesian theory, an increase in the money supply can cause interest rates to fall without affecting nominal income. In this case, how does the velocity of money change? Explain and demonstrate using the money market graph."

1) https://www.econlowdown.org/resource-gallery/monetary_policy_tools 2) https://www.wsj.com/articles/zimbabwe-money-aa13a052?mod=hp_featst_pos5 3) https://news.sky.com/video/jamaican-bank-releases-reggae-song-on-inflation-12058864 please I need a short summary of these articles.

Suppose velocity rises and the money supply falls. How will things change in the AD–AS framework if a change in the money supply is completely offset by a change in velocity? Check all that apply. The increase in velocity could shift the AD curve to the left by the same amount as the fall in the money supply shifts the AD curve to the right. Changes in the money supply would have no effect on Real GDP, the short-run price level, nor the long-run price level. A change in the money supply would decrease Real GDP, the short-run price level, and the long-run price level. The increase in velocity could shift the AD curve to the right by the same amount as the fall in the money supply shifts the AD curve to the left.

A well-known economic model called the Phillips curve (discussed in the Keynesian Perspective chapter) describes the short run trade off typically observed between inflation and unemployment. Based on the discussion of expansionary and contraction monetary policy, explain why one of these variables usually falls when the other rises.