In any transformation experiment involving any gene of interest, what is it you are selecting for? In other words, what tells you that transformation was successful?
Q: How could the information from sequencing your genome be used against you theoretically if it fell…
A: Genome sequencing is the most powerful key to get the entire information regarding the specimen. It…
Q: What is transformation? Describe Grifith’s experiment to show transformation? What did he prove from…
A: Bacteria contain a single circular chromosome which is their genetic material. It lies within the…
Q: Why can’t all genetic diseases be treated with gene therapy ? Explain how the ideal procedure for…
A: Gene therapy is one of the treatment methods to treat genetic diseases. It involves the replacement…
Q: What are the five main steps in DNA cut-and-paste transposition?
A: The "cut and paste" method is used for saving conversion. The enzyme transposase acts as a pair of…
Q: Why is Sanger sequencing sometimes referred to as "dye-terminator" sequencing?
A: Frederick Sanger and his colleagues created Sanger Sequencing, often known as 'chain termination…
Q: Can you explain what semiconservative means in relationship to the way DNA is copied?
A: In the process of DNA replication, two daughter DNAs are formed with one old and one new strand…
Q: Why is it difficult in a single experiment to transfer a largenumber of genes to a recipient cell…
A: Gene transfer is the process of insertion of unrelated DNA into cells. There are three mechanisms of…
Q: In preparation for transformation, why do you think we used calcium chloride and magnesium chloride…
A: We often use calcium chloride and magnesium chloride to make cell competent. As DNA is hydrophilic…
Q: Why Gene-prediction programs are used ?
A: In a DNA sequence, where those codons might fall even where a functional protein might be present or…
Q: What are the components needed for the processes of transformation conjugation and transduction? How…
A: The recipient bacterium during transformation occurs in the extracellular donor DNA. The donor DNA…
Q: What is the purpose of genetic transformation?
A: Genetic transformation is a genetic alteration process that involves incorporation and expression of…
Q: Why are the recombinantDNA technology and thenucleus transplantationtechnology still dangerous?
A: Recombinant DNA technology basically refers to the joining of DNA molecules from two different…
Q: The polymerase chain reaction can only be used to amplify genes that have been cloned and sequenced.…
A: The polymerase chain reaction was originally developed by the American biochemist Kary Mullis. The…
Q: Why is genome sequencing important?
A: Genome sequencing is a laboratory technique in which the order of all the nucleotides in an…
Q: What Does It Mean “To Clone”?
A: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded helical genetic material containing thousands of…
Q: Which of the following approaches you can use to locate the relative positions of genes on…
A: Genes are located on chromosomes. These genes can not be targeted without using any specific gene…
Q: What is an advantage of using recombinant DNA to make proteins such as insulin, human growth…
A: Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination…
Q: What is exome sequencing ? Why it is important ?
A: The exome has historically been described as the sequence in the genome that includes all exons of…
Q: By seeing the picture, how are Recombinant DNA formed? What is the difference between genetic…
A: Introduction: Genetic engineering or genetic modification or genetic manipulation involves direct…
Q: What ingredients are used in PCR? What role does each ingredient have in replicating DNA?
A: A DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) library is a comprehensive collection of cloned DNA fragments from a…
Q: injected mice with non-pathogenetic bacteria that had been incubated in the remains of pathogenic…
A: Ans: In this case there was no transformation
Q: How is genetic transformation used in medicine?
A: Genetic transformation is a genetic alteration process that involves incorporation and expression of…
Q: Explain the Several Limitations Positional Cloning Has?
A: Cloning is the process of making exact copies of the parental organisms with genetic and phenotypic…
Q: If you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one…
A: Hemophilia is a hereditary problem that causes interior and outer draining by keeping blood from…
Q: What increases transformation efficiency?
A: Transformation efficiency refers to the efficiency by which a cell can easily take up a…
Q: If you wanted to create recombinant DNA using this enzyme(3' T A 5'), would you have to cut both…
A: DNA recombination is a technology in which DNA from different sources is isolated and recombined to…
Q: are using the restriction enzyme HAEIII to digest different samples of the taster gene isolated from…
A: In gel electrophoresis DNA to be tested is broken down by various restriction endonucleases into…
Q: You may have heard of Dolly, the cloned sheep grown from an embryo created in a laboratory. But in…
A: Dolly is the sheep, which is considered as the first genetically modified (GMO) organism, which was…
Q: A person with a rare genetic disease has a sample of her chromosomessubjected to in situ…
A: The word insitu derived from the Latin word that means in place. This suggests that the…
Q: Why is it more important for DNA to be replicated accurately than transcribed accurately?
A: In molecular biology, DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid which is a type of nucleic acid. It is…
Q: What are the main differences between whole genome sequencing and whole exome sequencing?
A: whole genome sequencing is sequencing the entire genome of the organism, where as whole exome…
Q: AND Based on the knowledge you gained from the cloning module, which of the bands in the figure is…
A: Agarose gel electrophoresis is used to monitor the progress of a restriction enzyme digestion, to…
Q: What is a good transformation efficiency?
A: Transformation is a common phenomenon in microbes like bacteria and results in genetic alteration of…
Q: Why are next generation sequencing reads determined after negative selection, while induction values…
A: Introduction :- The process of determining the primary structure of an unbranched biopolymer through…
Q: If only part of the genome contains genes, why sequence the whole thing?
A: The genome is the complete genetic material of an organism.
Q: In PCR, the goal is to make copies of?
A: The field of biology concerned with the molecular foundation of biological activity in and between…
Q: In a transformation experiment involving a wild type bacterial strain with a recipient strain with…
A: Cotransduction frequency depicts that two genes are tranduced together. This suggests that two genes…
Q: If you performed PCR to amplify a gene region, and you began with 20 copies of double stranded…
A: PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a method that amplifies DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and it can…
Q: What is the primary disadvantage of Sanger sequencing?
A: Sanger sequencing the target DNA sequence is determined by copying it into the fragments of…
Q: Why do you detect mutations one at a time on PCR? Is there any way to detect multiple mutations in…
A: PCR that is Ploymerase chain reaction is a molecular technique used in the laboratories to amplify…
Q: What is the transformation factor?
A: The process in which the genetic material formed of the naked DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is…
Q: What is natural transformation in biology?
A: In biology transformation is the process of genetic alteration of a cell. In this process an…
Q: In your own words, describe the series of steps necessary to clone a gene.
A: Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical copies of an individual by natural or…
Q: You want to clone a 6,000 bp DNA fragment in E. coli. Which cloning vectors would be appropriate?…
A: Ans: The process or methodology of cloning of gene in the vector, its transformation in host E. coli…
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- In DNA-hybridization experiments on six species of plants in the genus Vicia, DNA was isolated from each of the six species, denatured by heating, and sheared into small fragments (W. Y. Chooi. 1971. Genetics 68:213–230). In one experiment, DNA from each species and from E. coli was allowed to renature. The graph shows the results of this renaturation experiment. Q. Can you explain why the E. coli DNA renatures at a much faster rate than does DNA from any of the Vicia species?In genetic transformation, what is meant by the wordcompetence?Describe the outcome of a chain-terminator sequencing procedure in which (a) too few primers are present or (b) an excess of primers is present.
- As you are performing this protocol, you realize that the ultraviolet (UV) light does not work as expected, because of a fused bulb. You decide to look at plate #4 (NA with AMP; pGFP added to cells) under visible light to decide whether transformation was successful or not. Will viewing this plate under visible light tell you whether you were successful in transforming cells with pGFP DNA?Describe the outcome of a chain-terminator sequencing procedure in which (a) too little ddNTP is added or (b) too much ddNTP is added.Taxol is a compound used in cancer treatment. You are working for Genentech on a project to optimize the production of taxol purified from recombinant E. coli bacteria. You have two new strains of SuperGro E. coli: Strain A and Strain B, that you have engineered to express taxol. You want to know which of the two SuperGro E. coli strains is better to use for purifying taxol based on the amount you purify (measured by final concentration of protein in mg/mL). You also want to know which growth media (LB Media or SOC Media) results in a higher amount of purified taxol. You collect data and plot the average final concentration of taxol from each experimental condition in the graph below. Use the approach we discussed in class and write your analysis and interpretation of the data (describe the graph, describe the data, and interpret the data). Make sure to give clear and complete descriptions. A. Describe the graph: B. Describe the data: C. Describe the interpretation:
- Describe the difference between Sanger based sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Why is NGS advantageous over Sanger based sequencing?Transposon mutagenesis was used to generate a library of mutants within the Salmonella genome. You are trying to identify a colony with the transposon inserted in the pathogenic related gene SPI-1 using PCR. Forward and reverse primers are generated that flank either side of the gene and yield a wild type product that is 900 bases in length. Which of the colonies sampled in the gel would you expect to contain the SPI-1 gene with transposon insertion? 3,000 2,000 1,000 700 500 300 100 Ladder Colony A Colony B Colony C Colony D Colony E none colonies A&C colonies B&E O colonies A, C, &D colonies B, D, &E -What is natural transformation in biology?
- Genetic transfer via transformation can also be used to map genes along the bacterial chromosome. In this approach, fragments of chromosomal DNA are isolated from one bacterial strain and used to transform another strain. The experimenter examines the transformed bacteria to see if they have incorporated two or more different genes. For example, the DNA may be isolated from a donor E. coli bacterium that has functional copies of the araB and leuD genes. Let’s call these genes araB+ and leuD+ to indicate the genes are functional. These two genes are required for arabinose metabolismand leucine synthesis, respectively. To map the distance betweenthese two genes via transformation, a recipient bacterium is used that is araB− and leuD−. Following transformation, the recipient bacterium may become araB+ and leuD+. This phenomenon is calledcotransformation because two genes from the donor bacterium have been transferred to the recipient via transformation. In this type of experiment, the…A person with a rare genetic disease has a sample of her chromosomessubjected to in situ hybridization using a probe that is known to recognize band p11 on chromosome 7. Even though her chromosomes look cytologically normal, the probe does not bind to this person’s chromosomes. How would you explain these results? How would you use this information to positionally clone the gene that is related to this disease?Genetic transfer via transformation can also be used to map genes along the bacterial chromosome. In this approach, fragments of chromosomal DNA are isolated from one bacterial strain and used to transform another strain. The experimenter examines the transformed bacteria to see if they have incorporated two or more different genes. For example, the DNA may be isolated from a donor E. coli bacterium that has functional copies of the araB and leuD genes. Let’s call these genes araB+ and leuD+ to indicate the genes are functional. These two genes are required for arabinose metabolismand leucine synthesis, respectively. To map the distance betweenthese two genes via transformation, a recipient bacterium is used that is araB− and leuD−. Following transformation, the recipient bacterium may become araB+ and leuD+. This phenomenon is calledcotransformation because two genes from the donor bacterium have been transferred to the recipient via transformation. In this type of experiment, the…