Mechanisms that make the bacterial chromosome morecompact includea. the formation of micro- and macrodomains.b. DNA supercoiling.c. crossing over.d. both a and b.

2) When parental DNA is replicated, it produces A. lagging strand DNA B. leading strand DNA C. daughter DNA D. all of these

When a dideoxyribonucleotide is incorporated into a growingDNA strand,a. the strand elongates faster.b. the strand cannot elongate.c. the strand becomes more susceptible to DNase I cleavage.d. none of the above occurs.

A molecular marker is a                           found at a specific siteon a chromosome that has properties that allow it to be                                                          . a. colored dye, visualized via microscopyb. colored dye, visualized on a gelc. segment of DNA, uniquely identified using molecular toolsd. segment of DNA, visualized via microscopy

94) The influenza virus that appeared in 2009 a. Is the results of phenotypic mixing b. The genome of this virus was the same as the human influenza virus c. Is the product of recombination events of two swine viruses, one human virus and one avian d. Is a product of mutations events

Part A: Antibiotic resistance is a major health concern. Resistance to various antibiotics can be transferred by a. all options. b. transduction. c. conjugation. d. transformation.   Part B: Movement of genetic information through transduction requires that a. free DNA is available in the environment. b. physical contact occurs between cells. c. transposable elements occur in a chromosome. d. viruses have infected a cell.

With regard to gene duplications, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?a. Gene duplications may be caused by nonallelic homologousrecombination.b. Large gene duplications are more likely to be harmful thansmaller ones.c. Gene duplications are responsible for creating gene familiesthat encode proteins with similar and specialized functions.d. All of the above statements are correct.