Make vinegar using starch as raw material. Outline the process steps in a schematic diagram stating the microorganisms and enzymes involved.

Q: Explain when "formulated media" was chosen to be used as a medium in the fermentation process?…

A: A growth medium, also known as a culture media, is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid that is used to…

Q: in terms of cultures used to start the fermentation, Differentiat alcoholic and acetic acid…

A: Fermentation is a biological reaction that occurs in various living organisms. This process begins…

Q: Describe the relationship between ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers.

A: The nitrification process takes place in plants where ammonia is oxidized to nitrite with the help…

Q: Define agar.

A: A dried jelly-like substance called agar, commonly referred to as agar-agar, is made from the red…

Q: Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol agar encourages the growth of what type of microorganisms?

A: Answer - Option A - Gram positive bacteria

Q: Describe the kind of food that would have lactic acid bacteria. Mention their useful applications.

A: Lactic acid bacteria are widespread in any environment that is rich  in carbohydrates, such as…

Q: Is the environment in a candle jar anaerobic?

A: Introduction: An environment is considered as anaerobic when no free oxygen is available but present…

Q: Give three reasons why endospores are much more resistant to heat than are vegetative cells.

A: Endospores are dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure and are produced by some bacteria and…

Q: What is the purpose of the mashing step in beer-making?

A: Beer is an alcoholic beverage. The production of beer involves the following steps : malting,…

Q: Explain the difference between sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, pasteurization? Give…

A: Microorganisms are present everywhere. They are not visible with naked eyes but are present at…

Q: The microscope images show two different sludges. Which sludge is preferable in a biological…

A: Bacteria, archaea species, fungi, and certain protists are among the aerobic and anaerobic microbial…

Q: Why are nitrates added to cured meats?

A: Nitrates can be defined as the set of compounds that are indulged in nitrogen and oxygen molecules.…

Q: Explain the purpose of the phenol red in the medium.

A: Phenol red is a water soluble dye that functions as a pH indicator in culture media. Phenol red…

Q: We will use liquid oxidase reagent for the oxidase test. What color will the colonies turn if they…

A: Oxidase test is used to determine the presence of cytochrome c by a bacterium. This test belongs to…

Q: The diagram shows the growth curve of Escherichia coli in a suspension culture containing glucose…

A: Introduction Enzyme Induction Is Still Regarded As A Form Of Negative Control Because The Regulatory…

Q: Below is an image of a stained microorganism. Choose the BEST answer for the following questions…

A: Bacteria These are microscopic, single-celled organisms. These microorganisms exist in  millions, in…

Q: You are studying a bacterium which uses sunlight to produce its own organic compounds from carbon…

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: what type of bacteria would be used to make sauerkraut?

A: Sauerkraut is product of cutting raw cabbage that fermented by various lactic acid bacteria. The…

Q: Give one example of a cereal/legume product that can be fermented by molds. Explain.

A: In many regions of the globe, fermented meals made from the most popular varieties of grains are…

Q: If you are working at a sewage treatment plant, which microbial process would you use to reduce…

A: denitrification;to reduce HAB's.

Q: Process in Traditional Fermentation of Coffee

A: Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the…

Q: Match the microorganisms in column A with their corresponding product in column B, then match your…

A: A primary metabolite is a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal growth,…

Q: State four reasons why barley is terminated in beer brewing process.

A: Beer brewing:         The process of production of beer by steeping a starch source in water,…

Q: why do microorganisms differ in their response to disinfectants

A: Microorganisms are the minute microscopic organism that is generally invisible to the human eye.…

Q: If you have a substance that you wish to sterilize (without destroying), and that substance is…

A: Introduction Any procedure that eliminates, eradicates, or renders inactive all life…

Q: O

A: vinegar  is a solution of acetic acid produced by 2 steps .in a first step fermentable sugars are…

Q: In which food would you find lactic acid bacteria? Mention some of their useful applications.

A: Microorganisms are the major components of biological system on earth. They are present everywhere,…

Q: Produce vinegar using rice

A: Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid and trace chemicals  including flavorings. Vinegar…

Q: List and explain the six types of microorganisms.

A: Microorganisms are unicellular, multicellular or microscopic cell clusters. These are beneficial or…

Q: Explain why, when using an antiseptic, killing all thebacteria may not be the desired result.

A: Infection precautions are generally followed to reduce the risk of transmission of infection from…

Q: In the process of vinegar making. If the steps involving yeast inoculation are not done, what would…

A: No we will not get our desired vinegar if we do not add yeast into the solution.

Q: beneficial activities of microorganisms.

A: Microorganisms. Microorganisms or microbe are unicellular or multicellular microscopic prokaryotes…

Q: Differentiate between non-motile and motile microorganisms. Draw a comparison sample

A: Microorganism use different structure for movement some microorganism use flagella however other use…

Q: Which of the tubes (containing thigylcolate broth) best illustrates the growth of facultative…

A: Growing bacteria in thioglycolate tube cultures allows us to easily observe different molecular…

Q: Describe what you would need to provide to a bacterium that was a chemoautotroph in order for it to…

A: Autotrphs are the organisms that are capable of producing there own food either with the help if…

Q: Explain what happens to a raw potato when hydrogen peroxide is put in it

A: Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. Enzymes…

Q: What type of agar is MacConkey agar?

A: MacConkey agar or MAC which is also described as a bacterial culture medium was named after the…

Q: In a tabulated form, differentiate the physical and chemical methods of sterilization.

A: The microbiological technique that is performed for the removal, killing, or deactivation of…

Q: Use the following diagram to explain how Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks prevent contamination of…

A: Introduction The name "Swan Neck Flask" comes from Louis Pasteur's use of a particular flask with a…

Q: Which dye will not kill microorganisms if a wet preparation is made? Why?

A: Microorganisms are defined as organisms that cannot be viewed by the unaided eyes and are studied…

Q: based on the attached photo, compute the cfu/ml of 42 colonies at plate 10^5. show the complete…

A: To calculate the colony-forming unit per ml (cfu/ml) following formula can be used. CFU/ml= no. of…

Q: How is it possible to know that a recently extracted essential oil is harmful for human use?…

A: Oils are basically nonpolar chemical substance that is composed of hydrophobic or lipophlic ends.…

Q: Which media in this lab tests for exoenzymes? Starch for endoenzymes? Starch ..

A: Exoenzymes work outside the cell, while endoenzymes work inside the cell.

Q: Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes because they lacka. catalase b. peroxidase c. dismutase…

A: A superoxide basically is a compound that do contain the superoxide ion, having  the chemical…

Q: Discuss the role of mould in food process industry and analyze the process of one food product that…

A: Role of mould in food process industry-  1. Moulds are basically a fungus that are used in the…

Q: Which ingredient is included in the motility test to make the results easier to see? bromthymol blue…

A: A motility test is a test that is performed to check whether the organism is motile in its nature or…

Q: Give an example of a bacterium that can be described as an “anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph ”. Also…

A: Bacteria are a type of the biological cell. They constitute a large domain of the prokaryotic…

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.